| Leaves + stem | Swiss albino mice (male) | 600 (mg/kg) | Antihyperglycemic and pain reliever | 39.88 | Reza et al. (2011) |
| Fruits | RAW 264.7 | 200 (μg/mL) | Inhibition of nitrite and cytokine production | - | Bae and Park (2016) |
| Female mice C57BL/6 | 100 (mg/kg) | Prevent acute pancreatitis | - | Bae (2020) |
| Healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats | 500 (mg/kg) | Mechanism of antidiabetic | - | Yusoff et al. (2015) |
| Young mice with diabetes | 1000 (mg/kg) | Antihyperglycemic | 57.90 | Yusoff et al. (2017) |
| Flower stalk | Male Sprague–Dawley rats | 500 (mg/kg) | TRPV1 inhibition in sciatica | - | Kang and Hyun (2020) |