Table 1. Analytical methods for benzo[a]pyrene in some fatty and non-fatty liquid samples

Matrix Extraction method Cleanup Separation/detection References
Edible oil (F) Dilution (n-hexane); LLE SPE (C18/C8) LC-FLD Barranco et al. (2003)
Dilution (n-hexane) DACC column; Column chromatography LC-FLD Barranco et al. (2004)
Dilution (n-heptane); LLE (DMSO; cyclohexane; water) Column chromatography LC-FLD Pandey et al. (2004)
Olive oil (F) SPE (C18 Nucleoprep + Florisil) MSPD (C18 + Florisil) GC-MS, LP-GC-MS, LC-FLD Bogusz et al. (2004)
Dilution (n-hexane); LLE SPE (silica); Soxhlet; LLE GC-MS Guillén et al. (2004)
HS-SPME GC-MS Vichi et al. (2005)
HS GC-MS(/MS) Arrebola et al. (2006)
Oil, food mixture (F) PLE SPE (PS-DVB) GC-MS/MS Veyrand et al. (2007)
Olive, olive-pomace oil (F) SLE or LLE GPC GC-MS/MS Ballesteros et al. (2006)
Vegetable oil (F) Dilution (n-hexane); SPME GC-MS Purcaro et al. (2007a)
Dilution (n-hexane); SPME GC × GC-MS Purcaro et al. (2007b)
Fish oil, fish (F) Homogenization; Saponification; LLE SPE (Florisil) GC-MS(/MS) Ehrenhauser et al. (2010)
Milk (F) HS-SPME (PDMS-DVB) GC-MS Aguinaga et al. (2008)
Dilution (water), SPME (PDMS-DVB) GC-MS Aguinaga et al. (2007)
Addition: Sodium oxalate; LLE Column chromatography GC-MS Grova et al. (2002)
Saponification; LLE LC-FLD Kishikawa et al. (2003)
Coffee (NF) LLE SPE LC-FLD García-Falcón et al. (2005)
MIP-SPE LC-FLD Lai et al. (2004)
Coffee brew (NF) SPE LC-FLD Houessou et al. (2005)
Tea (NF) SPE LC-FLD Kayali-Sayadi et al. (1998)
Beverages (NF) Addition 10% MeOH; MASE GC-MS Rodil et al. (2007)
Sugarcane juice (NF) SBSE-TD; MASE GC-MS Zuin et al. (2006)
Cachaca (NF) LLE Column chromatography LC-FLD Tfouni et al. (2007)
F, fatty matrices; NF, non-fatty matrices; LLE, liquid-liquid extraction; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide; SPE, solid-phase extraction; MSPD, matrix solid-phase dispersion; HS, headspace; HS-SPME, headspace solid-phase microextraction; PLE, pressurized liquid extraction; SLE, supported liquid extraction; PDMS-DVB, polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene; MIP-SPE, molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction; MeOH, methanol; MASE, microwave-assisted solvent extraction; SBSE-TD, stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption; DACC, donor-acceptor complex chromatography; PS-DVB, polystyrene-divinylbenzene; GPC, gel permeation chromatography; LC-LFD, liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector; GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; LP-GC-MS, low pressure-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; GC-MS/MS, gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; GC × GC-MS, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.