Table 3. Particle analysis of physically and biologically modified barley flours

	Treatment method	Non-waxy		Waxy		Result of two-way ANOVA analysis
		SG1)	HNR	NLC	BSC	Parameter	df	F value
Z-average2) (μm)	UN3)	1.18±0.174)aA5)	0.59±0.01bcB	0.80±0.06aB	1.33±0.26aA	Barley cultivar	3	39.814***6)
	HM	0.96±0.12abA	0.47±0.01cB	0.49±0.01cB	0.51±0.02bcB	Treatment	3	35.331***
	EZ	0.93±0.11abA	0.75±0.12aB	0.60±0.05bB	0.70±0.07bB	Barley cultivar × Treatment	9	10.039***
	HM-EZ	0.89±0.11bA	0.63±0.01bB	0.51±0.01cC	0.40±0.01cC
PDI	UN	0.76±0.10aA	0.42±0.01bB	0.56±0.03aB	0.82±0.13aA	Barley cultivar	3	46.505***
	HM	0.62±0.05bA	0.33±0.01cB	0.34±0.02cB	0.33±0.01cB	Treatment	3	53.534***
	EZ	0.59±0.04bA	0.51±0.06aAB	0.44±0.04bB	0.48±0.05bB	Barley cultivar × Treatment	9	12.458***
	HM-EZ	0.59±0.06bA	0.44±0.01bB	0.34±0.01cC	0.28±0.01cD
D10 (μm)	UN	0.16±0.13	0.08±0.01	0.10±0.01c	0.22±0.08a	Barley cultivar	3	0.909
	HM	0.08±0.00C	0.18±0.01A	0.13±0.02bB	0.13±0.00bB	Treatment	3	0.596
	EZ	0.13±0.01	0.15±0.09	0.09±0.00c	0.10±0.00b	Barley cultivar × Treatment	9	3.069**
	HM-EZ	0.12±0.03B	0.13±0.02AB	0.17±0.02aA	0.14±0.01bAB
D50 (μm)	UN	15.72±0.30aA	0.17±0.06C	0.26±0.12C	13.86±0.39aB	Barley cultivar	3	2,652.504***
	HM	1.04±0.12bA	0.24±0.01C	0.26±0.04BC	0.37±0.02bB	Treatment	3	6,677.198***
	EZ	0.67±0.07bA	0.36±0.18B	0.14±0.00C	0.17±0.01bC	Barley cultivar × Treatment	9	2,282.493***
	HM-EZ	0.67±0.20bA	0.40±0.09B	0.32±0.03B	0.24±0.01bB
D90 (μm)	UN	24.01±0.23aA	8.17±0.73D	13.07±1.39aC	20.93±0.36aB	Barley cultivar	3	69.224***
	HM	16.38±2.82bA	8.04±0.52B	4.70±0.61cC	4.56±1.14cC	Treatment	3	38.832***
	EZ	21.84±2.94aA	13.90±5.99B	9.35±1.69bB	10.40±1.89bB	Barley cultivar × Treatment	9	8.420***
	HM-EZ	16.83±3.25bA	10.35±1.99B	5.03±0.30cC	2.62±0.77cC

Barley cultivars: SG, Sogang; HNR, Huknuri; NLC, Nulichal; BSC, Boseokchal.
Z-average (Intensity-weighted mean particle size) and PDI (Polydispersity Index, <0.4 indicates monodispersity) were obtained by DLS; D₁₀, D₅₀ and D₉₀ represent the particle sizes at which 10%, 50%, and 90% of the total particle volume are smaller, respectively.
Treatment method: UN, untreated; HM, heat-moisture; EZ, enzyme; HM-EZ, heat-moisture & enzyme.
All values are mean±SD (n=5).
Different superscripts within the same column (^a-d) or row (^A-D) indicate significant differences by Duncan’s multiple range test (p<0.05).
^***p<0.001; significant effect by two-way ANOVA.