Table 2. Formulation used in the production of the chicken sausage samples

Ingredients1)	Amount (%)
Meat content	60
Emulsion (fat and skin emulsion: vegetable oil, isolated soy protein)	10
Ice and water	20
Binder	3
Vacuum salt (sodium nitrate)	1
Phosphate	0.23
Spices mixture (chili powder, pepper, nutmeg, cinnamon, ginger)	0.51
Flavor enhancer (chicken stock)	0.34
Colorings (paprika)	0.15
Other ingredients (soy sauce, milk powder)	4.77

Ingredients in this study are used as a % of the total formulation. The ingredients in the sausage formulation is developed according to the recipes of Cargill’s Quality Foods (Pvt) Ltd.