Table 2. Volatile aroma compounds in Artemisia fukudo Makino identified by GC-MS

No. Compound RI1) Structure Odor description Reference
1 (E)-2-Hexenal 859 Aldehyde Green, banana-like2) Artemisia princeps (Park et al., 2009)
2 α-Thujene 929 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) - Pimpinella brachycarpa N. (Chang et al., 2007)
3 α-Pinene 934 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) Pine-like, resinous2) Artemisia annua L. (Hong et al., 2021)
4 Camphene 949 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) Artemisia iwayomogi itamura (Hong, 2004)
5 Isobutyl butyrate 958 Ester - Mosla chinensis (Cao et al., 2011)
6 Sabinene 976 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) Warm, oily, peppery, green2) Artemisia annua L. (Hong et al., 2018)
7 1-Octen-3-ol 993 Alcohol - Artemisia princeps (Park et al., 2009)
8 β-Myrcene 997 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) Musty, wet soil2) Artemisia princeps (Park et al., 2009)
9 α-Phellandrene 1008 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) - Ligularis fischeri var. spiciformis (Yeon et al., 2012)
10 α-Terpinene 1020 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) Lemony, citrusy2) Aster scaber (Lee et al., 2012)
11 ο-Cymene 1030 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) - Chamaecyparis obtusa, Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis (Yang et al., 2019)
12 β-Phellandrene 1033 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) - Ligularia fischeri, Ligularis fischeri var. spiciformis (Yeon et al., 2012)
13 Eucalyptol 1037 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) Eucalyptus smithii, globulus, maideni, bicostata, sideroxylon, cineria, leucoxylon (Chandorkar et al., 2021)
14 (E)-β-Ocimene 1055 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) Herbaceous, sweet, tropical, warm2) Fresh mandarin fruit (Tietel et al., 2011)
15 γ-Terpinene 1064 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) Lemony, lime-like2) Artemisia annua L. (Hong et al., 2018)
16 trans-4-Thujanol 1073 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) - Thymus quinquecostatus Celak (Baik et al., 2009)
17 1-p-Menthene 1094 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) - Notopterygium (Wang and Huang, 2015)
18 p-Cymenene 1098 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) - Lavandula pubescens (Park et al., 2019)
19 Linalool 1110 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) Floral, green, citrus2) Artemisia annua L. (Hong et al., 2018)
20 2-Methylbutyl 2-methylbutyrate 1112 Ester - Hippophae rhamnoides L. ssp. Carpatica (Socaci et al., 2013)
21 Chrysanthenone 1114 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) - Artemisia maritim (Jaitak et al., 2008)
22 2-Methylbutyl isovalerate 1117 Ester - Hypericum Taxa (Maggi et al., 2010)
23 cis-2-p-Menthen-1-ol 1131 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) - Achillea santolina L. (Dakah and Maarrouf, 2019)
24 Pinocarvone 1173 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) - Eucalyptus globulus (Schmidt, 1947)
25 endo-Borneol 1176 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) Woody, burning, camphoraceous3) Chrysanthemum zawadskii (Park and Kim, 2017)
26 Terpinen-4-ol 1186 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) Woody, earthy2) Acorus calamus L. (Venskutonis and Dagilyte, 2003)
27 α-Thujenal 1196 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) - Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Mena et al., 2016)
28 α-Terpineol 1202 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) Floral, lilac-like2) Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Seo et al., 2006)
29 cis-3-Hexenyl isovalerate 1246 Ester - Ligularis fischeri var. spiciformis (Yeon et al., 2012)
30 Bornyl acetate 1296 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) - Schizandra Chinensis Bullion (Kim and Jang, 1994)
31 α-Terpinyl acetate 1361 Hydrocarbons(monoterpene) - Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. (Sabo and Knezevic, 2019)
32 Copaene 1383 Hydrocarbons(sesquiterpene) - Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Hong et al., 2021)
33 Caryophyllene 1428 Hydrocarbons(sesquiterpene) Woody, spicy2) Ligularia fischeri, Ligularis fischeri var. spiciformis (Yeon et al., 2012)
34 Germacrene D 1491 Hydrocarbons(sesquiterpene) - Rosa hydrid (Lee et al., 2008)
RI, retention index.
ref: Taste and aroma of fresh and stored mandarins (Tietel et al., 2011).
ref: Volatile flavor compounds from raw mugwort leaves and parched mugwort tea (Kim et al., 1994).