Table 1. Texture profile of beef, pork, and chicken before and after cooking

	Parts of meat	Hardness (N)	Springiness (%)	Cohesiveness (%)	Chewiness (g)
Beef	Raw brisket	4.75±0.42^1)d2)	42.62±3.05^bcd	26.52±1.16^b	55.58±5.61^d
	Boiled brisket	32.61±3.42^abc	55.17±4.23^a	36.74±3.20^a	671.88±94.93^a
	Roasted brisket	34.47±4.91^ab	48.66±4.28^ab	37.85±1.49^a	648.31±100.49^ab
	Raw loin	11.09±1.85^d	38.05±1.52^cd	19.72±0.93^c	84.74±11.43^d
	Boiled loin	37.78±6.20^a	46.70±4.62^ab	31.00±4.75^b	552.23±119.08^ab
	Roasted loin	27.83±5.77^bc	37.20±4.97^cd	26.70±1.32^b	286.66±91.54^c
	Raw shank	10.14±2.12^d	34.57±3.88^d	17.77±3.54^c	62.36±10.21^d
	Boiled shank	25.37±5.34^c	48.50±4.93^ab	41.73±0.92^a	521.61±102.48^b
	Roasted shank	11.11±3.46^d	45.63±7.49^bc	37.56±4.49^a	189.62±52.68^cd
Pork	Raw Boston butt	2.89±0.56^c	41.32±4.32^b	31.20±2.53^bc	37.46±4.27^c
	Boiled Boston butt	25.77±3.85^a	55.82±8.62^a	27.99±3.16^cd	407.62±53.99^b
	Roasted Boston butt	27.03±6.24^a	49.71±4.83^ab	25.87±1.02^cd	348.95±50.88^b
	Raw hind leg	10.62±3.41^bc	45.90±2.94^b	27.95±4.30^cd	133.20±18.04^c
	Boiled hind leg	33.06±5.14^a	48.31±2.86^ab	40.44±4.18^a	653.11±81.76^a
	Roasted hind leg	32.13±7.82^a	57.01±2.79^a	39.75±1.66^a	735.70±150.76^a
	Raw loin	13.68±2.61^b	44.84±3.26^b	24.73±2.89^d	152.15±15.85^c
	Boiled loin	33.77±4.75^a	48.07±3.67^ab	40.33±3.10^a	663.71±63.37^a
	Roasted loin	34.18±6.92^a	57.20±8.96^a	33.72±1.76^b	658.37±46.88^a
Chicken	Raw breast	11.42±1.51^bc	37.44±2.96^d	21.51±3.10^b	92.21±7.38^de
	Boiled breast	18.45±2.63^a	50.06±1.87^ab	35.18±2.43^a	325.12±43.18^a
	Roasted breast	9.18±1.81^cd	44.10±2.81^bcd	27.98±1.76^ab	115.15±15.43^cd
	Raw tender	6.61±1.95^de	48.91±6.96^abc	22.73±3.62^b	75.33±23.18^de
	Boiled tender	13.16±2.50^b	51.98±7.50^ab	27.26±1.47^ab	188.42±45.08^b
	Roasted tender	11.42±2.65^bc	43.56±2.25^bcd	30.61±2.66^a	153.18±25.51^bc
	Raw drumstick	4.27±1.85^e	39.25±2.12^cd	22.07±1.96^b	39.49±14.51^e
	Boiled drumstick	6.24±2.05^de	54.43±7.85^a	27.79±8.57^ab	93.68±38.33^de
	Roasted drumstick	5.67±1.42^de	49.59±4.94^ab	27.03±5.60^ab	78.29±27.37^de

All values are mean±SD (n=6).
Different superscript letters (^a-e) in the same column indicate significant differences (p<0.05) by Turkey’s multiple range test.