Table 5. Changes in free amino acid content of farro according to liquefaction conditions (μg/mL)

Sample¹⁾	PET	LTC (min)			F-value⁵⁾
Sample¹⁾	PET	30	60	90	F-value⁵⁾
Threonine	3.50±0.02^2)a3)	0.73±0.03^b	0.70±0.01^c	0.66±0.01^c	16,403.124^***
Cysteine	0.42±0.00	ND⁴⁾	ND	ND	-
Tyrosine	2.15±0.02^a	0.68±0.02^b	ND^d	0.24±0.01^c	15,892.381^***
Arginine	11.16±0.05^a	3.07±0.05^b	0.19±0.03^c	0.13±0.01^c	64,448.642^***
Alanine	5.98±0.02^a	2.22±0.02^b	1.37±0.01^d	1.75±0.02^c	42,977.506^***
Proline	13.60±0.48^a	1.95±0.14^b	2.30±0.20^b	2.19±0.10^b	1,312.891^***
Lysine	2.09±0.02^a	0.22±0.02^b	ND^c	ND^c	-
Histidine	1.76±0.02^a	0.68±0.09b	0.69±0.01b	0.58±0.02^c	446.597^***
Isoleucine	2.94±0.02	ND	ND	ND	-
Leucine	7.08±0.03^a	0.17±0.02^b	ND^c	ND^c	-
Methionine	1.80±0.01	ND	ND	ND	-
Phenylalanine	7.41±0.05^a	0.43±0.02^b	ND^c	ND^c	-
Tryptophan	4.23±0.03^a	3.56±0.10^b	3.56±0.02^b	3.51±0.06^b	102.992^***
Valine	4.62±0.02^a	0.47±0.03^b	0.28±0.01^c	0.30±0.01^c	42,162.462^***
Glutamic acid	9.15±0.06^a	2.12±0.06^c	1.90±0.01^d	2.41±0.06^b	14,161.383^***
Aspartic acid	7.90±0.22^a	6.18±0.15^c	7.78±0.14^a	7.43±0.08^b	73.960^***
Serine	6.75±0.05^a	0.78±0.02^b	0.80±0.01^b	0.63±0.01^c	37,865.984^***
Glycine	3.93±0.03^a	1.51±0.037^b	1.31±0.01^d	1.39±0.01^c	11,518.027^***
Total AA	96.45±0.65^a	24.78±0.47^b	20.88±0.32^c	21.22±0.15^c	21,582.543^***

PET, pre-enzyme treatment; LTC, liquefaction treatment conditions; 30, liquefaction for 30 min; 60, liquefaction for 60 min; 90, liquefaction for 90 min.
All values are mean±SD (n=3).
Different superscript letters (^a-c) in the same row indicate significant differences (p<0.05) by Duncan’s multiple range test.
ND, not detected.
The significance of each coefficient was detrmined using both the F-value (Fisher test value) and p-value(^*Significant at p<0.1; ^**Significant at p<0.05; ^***Significant at p<0.01).