Table 2. Antimicrobial activity of Asimina triloba extracts against gram-positive bacteria

Strain	Concentration (mg/disc)	Diameter of clear zone (mm)¹⁾
Strain	Concentration (mg/disc)	PLW²⁾	PTW	PRW	PLM	PTM	PRM	Kanamycin (30 μg/disc)
Bacillus cereus	5	6.33±0.58^3)b4)	–⁵⁾	–	6.33±0.58^b	8.00±1.00^a	8.67±0.58^a	23.17±1.25
	12.5	8.33±0.58^b	–	–	7.67±0.58^b	11.00±0.00^a	11.33±0.58^a
	25	9.67±0.58^b	6.33±0.58^c	7.00±1.00^c	9.67±0.58^b	13.33±0.58^a	12.67±0.58^a
	37.5	10.67±0.58^b	7.67±0.58^d	9.00±0.00^c	11.33±0.58^b	14.67±0.58^a	14.67±0.58^a
	50	11.67±0.58^c	10.00±0.00^d	10.33±0.58^d	13.00±1.00^b	16.33±0.58^a	16.67±0.58^a
Bacillus subtilis	5	–	–	–	–	–	10.00±0.00^a	31.00±0.84
	12.5	–	–	–	–	9.33±0.58^b	12.00±0.00^a
	25	–	–	–	–	12.33±0.58^b	13.33±0.58^a
	37.5	–	6.33±0.58^b	7.33±0.58^b	–	15.33±1.15^a	15.67±0.58^a
	50	–	7.67±0.58^d	9.00±0.00^c	–	17.33±0.58^b	20.00±0.00^a
Clostridium perfringens	5	–	11.00±0.00^c	11.33±0.58^c	12.33±0.58^b	19.67±0.00^a	19.00±1.00^a	8.39±0.50
	12.5	8.00±0.00^e	12.33±0.58^d	14.00±1.00^c	14.00±1.00^c	24.00±1.00^a	20.33±0.58^b
	25	11.00±0.00^e	15.67±0.58^d	18.33±0.58^c	18.67±1.15^c	28.33±0.58^a	23.67±0.58^b
	37.5	12.67±0.58^e	17.00±1.00^d	21.00±1.00^c	20.80±1.00^c	29.33±0.58^a	26.00±1.00^b
	50	14.00±0.00^e	19.00±1.00^d	24.67±1.53^c	20.33±0.58^d	30.33±0.58^a	28.00±1.00^b
Corynebacterium xerosis	5	–	–	–	–	7.33±0.58^a	–	34.67±0.69
	12.5	–	–	–	–	9.33±0.58^a	9.00±0.00^a
	25	8.67±0.58^c	–	–	–	14.33±0.58^a	12.00±0.00^b
	37.5	12.67±0.58^c	–	–	–	15.00±0.00^b	16.33±0.58^a
	50	17.33±0.58^b	–	–	–	16.33±0.58^c	20.67±0.58^a
Listeria monocytogenes	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	20.61±1.29
	12.5	–	–	–	–	7.33±0.58^a	6.33±0.58^b
	25	–	–	–	–	8.67±0.58^a	8.00±0.00^b
	37.5	–	–	–	–	10.33±0.58^a	9.00±0.00^b
	50	–	–	–	–	13.33±0.58^a	9.67±0.58^b
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	12.5	–	–	–	–	9.00±0.00^a	–
	25	–	–	–	9.33±0.58^b	13.00±1.00^a	6.67±0.58^c
	37.5	–	7.33±0.58^d	–	13.67±1.15^b	18.33±0.58^a	10.00±0.00^c
	50	–	8.67±0.58^d	–	16.00±1.00^b	21.00±0.00^a	13.33±0.58^c
Propionibacterium acnes	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	19.94±0.87
	12.5	–	–	–	–	–	–
	25	–	–	–	–	–	6.33±0.58^a
	37.5	–	–	–	–	–	9.00±0.00^a
	50	–	–	–	–	–	12.00±0.00^a
Staphylococcus aureus	5	–	–	–	–	–	6.33±0.58^a	24.28±0.75
	12.5	8.00±0.00^a	–	–	8.33±0.58^a	6.67±0.58^b	8.33±0.58^a
	25	8.67±0.58^b	7.00±0.00^c	–	11.33±0.58^a	9.00±0.00^b	11.33±0.58^a
	37.5	9.33±0.58^b	9.00±0.00^b	–	12.33±0.58^a	12.67±0.58^a	13.00±0.00^a
	50	12.00±1.00^b	10.33±0.58^c	–	13.67±0.58^a	14.67±0.58^a	14.67±0.58^a
Staphylococcus epidermidis	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	21.50±0.92
	12.5	–	–	–	–	6.33±0.58^b	7.50±0.50^a
	25	–	–	–	6.67±0.58^b	11.00±0.00^a	10.83±0.76^a
	37.5	–	–	–	8.67±0.58^b	12.00±0.00^a	12.00±0.00^a
	50	–	–	–	10.00±0.00^b	13.33±0.58^a	13.67±0.58^a
Streptococcus mutans	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	12.72±0.46
	12.5	–	–	–	–	–	6.33±0.58^a
	25	–	–	–	–	–	9.67±0.58^a
	37.5	–	–	–	–	–	12.33±0.58^a
	50	–	–	–	–	–	15.00±0.00^a

The diameter of the paper disc was 6 mm.
PLW, pawpaw leaf water extract; PTW, pawpaw twig water extract; PRW, pawpaw root water extract; PLM, pawpaw leaf methanolic extract; PTM, pawpaw twig methanolic extract; PRM, pawpaw root methanolic extract.
Values are mean±SD (n=3).
Means with different superscript letters within a row differ significantly at p<0.05 by Duncan’s multiple range test.
– indicates a zone of no inhibition.