Table 3. Amino acid composition of defatted rice bran extract powders (freeze-dried)

Amino acid (%)	Defatted rice bran extract powders
Amino acid (%)	C¹⁾	A	E	AE
Essential amino acids (EAAs)²⁾
Histidine	0.33±0.00^3)c4)	0.29±0.00^d	0.63±0.01^a	0.51±0.01^b
Isoluecine	0.18±0.00^c	0.16±0.00^c	0.68±0.02^a	0.56±0.01^b
Leucine	0.40±0.00^c	0.39±0.00^c	1.40±0.02^a	1.19±0.01^b
Lysine	0.52±0.00^c	0.49±0.00^c	1.23±0.02^a	0.99±0.01^b
Methionine	0.17±0.00^c	0.16±0.00^c	0.46±0.01^a	0.39±0.01^b
Phenylalanine	0.24±0.00^c	0.22±0.01^d	0.84±0.01^a	0.76±0.01^b
Threonine	0.37±0.00^c	0.35±0.00^d	0.90±0.00^a	0.74±0.00^b
Tryptophan	0.13±0.01^c	0.10±0.00^d	0.22±0.01^a	0.18±0.00^b
Valine	0.35±0.00^c	0.33±0.00^c	1.10±0.02^a	0.92±0.00^b
BCAA⁵⁾ (%)	0.93±0.00^c	0.88±0.00^c	3.18±0.09^a	2.67±0.02^b
Total EAAs (%)	2.69±0.01^c	2.49±0.01^d	7.44±0.14^a	6.22±0.04^b
Non essential amino acids (Non-EAAs)⁶⁾
Alanine	0.70±0.00^c	0.65±0.01^d	1.59±0.02^a	1.32±0.01^b
Arginine	0.98±0.01^c	0.80±0.01^d	1.77±0.04^a	1.49±0.01^b
Aspartic acid	1.18±0.01^c	1.01±0.01^d	2.15±0.01^a	1.85±0.01^b
Cystine	0.32±0.00^c	0.30±0.00^c	0.55±0.02^a	0.46±0.02^b
Glycine	0.68±0.00^c	0.62±0.01^d	1.30±0.01^a	1.09±0.01^b
Glutamic acid	1.89±0.01^c	1.62±0.01^d	3.19±0.01^a	2.73±0.00^b
Proline	0.37±0.03^c	0.31±0.01^d	0.93±0.01^a	0.82±0.00^b
Tyrosine	0.20±0.01^c	0.18±0.00^c	0.62±0.05^a	0.50±0.01^b
Serine	0.43±0.01^c	0.39±0.01^d	1.04±0.01^a	0.91±0.01^b
Total Non-EAAs (%)	6.75±0.02^c	5.86±0.05^d	13.12±0.18^a	11.15±0.05^b
Total amino acids (%)	9.43±0.03^c	8.34±0.06^d	20.56±0.33^a	17.37±0.09^b

Extracted powders of defatted rice bran with water (C), by auto-clave (A), by enzymatic hydrolysis (E), and by auto-clave and enzymatic hydrolysis (AE).
EAAs, Essential amino acids.
Values are mean±SD (n=3).
^a-dMeans with different letters in the same row are significantly different by Duncan’s multiple range test at p<0.05.
BCAA, branched-chain amino acids, refers to a group of three essential amino acids: leucine, isoleucine, and valine.
Non-EAAs, non essential amino acids.