Table 2. Comparison of fermentation profiles with previous studies

Fermentation mode	Cassava samples	Solid loading (w/v)	α-Amylase	Liquefaction conditions	Glucoamylase	Saccharification conditions	Fermentation conditions	Fermentation time	Ethanol (g/L)	Ethanol yield (g/g)	Reference
SHF1)	Starch	20%	0.9 mg/g	85°C, 3 h	1.5 mg/g	85°C, 90 min	10 L, 30°C, 70 rpm	72 h	43.5	0.44	(Wangpor et al., 2017)
	Root	35%	150,000 U/mL	93°C, 2 g, 2 h	580 U/g	61.5°C, 2 g, 48 h, pH 4.2	30 °C, 3 g	48 h	104.7	0.4	(Sakdaronnarong et al., 2020)
	Root	30%	0.33 mg/g	80°C, 100 rpm, 1 h	0.01%	30°C, 150 rpm, 48 h	30°C, 150 rpm	24 h	130.64	0.50	This study
SSF2)	Pulp	10%	10.25 U/mL	50°C, 2 h, pH 6.9	43.43 U/mL	50°C, 2 h	30 °C,100 rpm	74 h	27.4	0.29	(Siriwong et al., 2019)
	Chip	25%	0.7 g/kg	100°C, 90 min	0.5 mg/kg		Continuous, 33 °C, 0.05 vvm	24 h	78.8	0.43	(Choi et al., 2010)
	Starch	20%	0.3%, v/w	40°C, 72 h	0.1%, v/w	60°C, 1 h	5 L, 200 rpm	72 h	81.86	0.43	(Krajang et al., 2021)
	Root	30%	0.33 mg/g	80°C, 100 rpm, 1 h	0.01%		30°C, 150 rpm	48 h	133.6	0.51	This study

SHF, separate hydrolysis and fermentation.
SSF, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.