Table 2. Physicochemical properties of aquafaba with different ultrasonic treatment time (UTT)

Ultrasonic treatment time (min) Moisture contents (%) Protein solubility (mg/mL) Emulsion activity index (%) Heat stability index (%) Viscosity (cP) pH Color value
L* a* b*
01) 94.07±0.012)d3) 1,706.97±30.26a 74.80±0.71ab 74.07±1.28 16.70±0.17d 6.28±0.00a 36.86±0.06b 0.49±0.04c 9.14±0.17c
30 93.92±0.02b 1,809.79±47.02b 75.40±0.35b 75.34±0.68 14.70±0.00c 6.33±0.01b 36.41±0.10a 0.26±0.05a 7.98±0.06a
60 93.86±0.01a 1,972.31±18.84c 74.31±0.41a 74.02±1.13 13.80±0.30b 6.35±0.01c 36.37±0.06a 0.22±0.07a 8.03±0.14a
90 94.04±0.02c 2,035.32±14.93d 73.78±0.23a 73.80±1.15 12.10±0.35a 6.36±0.01d 36.77±0.10b 0.36±0.05b 8.72±0.40b
F-value 173.733**** 72.899**** 4.248* 2.514NS 183.458**** 88.533**** 44.077**** 24.479**** 29.709****
0, 30, 60, and 90 stand for aquafaba with 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, and 90 min of different ultrasonic treatment time.
Color values are mean±SD (n=5); The others are mean±SD (n=3).
Different superscript letters indicate significant difference (p<0.05) between values in the same column.
significant at p<0.05,
significant at p<0.0001,
not significant.