Table 5. Changes in the content of furfural in the distilled fractions obtained by using two different distillation methods

Fraction No. Concentration (mg/L)
Steam Microwave
Not added Added1) Not added Added
1 151.37±1.44Cd 703.68±2.80Cb 618.77±0.70Dc 1,224.82±3.60Ea
2 570.76±1.34Bd 1,982.98±6.01Ba 751.55±3.89Cc 1,524.25±6.02Db
3 671.60±3.45Ad 2,115.43±8.16Aa 1,094.90±12.23Ac 1,558.86±2.49Cb
4 ND ND 1,016.25±5.64Bb 1,844.15±9.00Ba
5 ND ND 1,104.84±5.45Ab 2,202.96±3.37Aa
Total 1,393.73±6.22d 4,801.90±16.66b 4,586.31±27.17c 8,355.04±23.47a
Whole milk power was added during solid-state fermentation.
All values are mean±SD (n=3).