Table 3. The content of ester compounds in the distilled fractions prepared by two different distillation methods
Compounds | Fraction No. | Concentration (mg/L) |
Steam | Microwave |
Not added | Added1) | Not added | Added |
Ethyl acetate | 1 | 3,126.96±14.70Ac | 6,047.59±6.94Aa | 3,047.04±8.25Ad | 3,689.02±17.24Ab |
2 | 58.13±0.25Bd | 264.62±2.08Bc | 384.53±2.06Bb | 453.84±5.47Ba |
3 | ND | ND | 66.54±0.44Cb | 114.21±1.46Ca |
4 | - | - | 17.27±0.58Db | 37.59±0.51Da |
5 | - | - | 6.53±0.05Ea | 4.69±0.30Eb |
Total | 3,185.09±14.88d | 6,312.21±9.00a | 3,521.91±11.10c | 4,299.35±22.79b |
Ethyl butyrate | 1 | 1,128.85±9.11Ab | 1,352.39±1.79Aa | 834.85±4.14Ac | 844.84±8.56Ac |
2 | 279.70±1.12Ba | 247.28±3.67Bb | 282.70±4.68Ba | 127.89±1.69Bc |
3 | 43.61±2.06Cc | 30.45±0.93Cd | 97.55±0.66Ca | 55.75±3.11Cb |
4 | - | - | 58.39±0.73Da | 32.86±1.44Db |
5 | - | - | 29.41±0.45Ea | 24.57±0.83Ea |
Total | 1,452.16±12.07b | 1,630.12±6.18a | 1,303.22±10.39c | 1,086.36±15.18d |
Ethyl caproate | 1 | 36.81±0.68Ac | 428.12±0.33Ab | 31.67±0.44Ad | 760.70±0.90Aa |
2 | ND | 137.13±1.74Ba | ND | 55.89±0.94Bb |
3 | ND | 27.92±0.35Ca | ND | 27.75±0.64Ca |
4 | - | - | ND | 23.57±0.51Da |
5 | - | - | ND | ND |
Total | 36.81±0.68c | 593.17±2.38b | 31.67±0.44d | 867.91±2.79a |
Ethyl lactate | 1 | 1,148.86±7.46Ab | 1,356.59±2.35Aa | 579.46±13.33Ac | 415.05±8.98Ad |
2 | 1,075.75±13.47Ba | 919.82±4.39Bb | 502.41±2.39Bc | 401.17±7.95Bd |
3 | 562.13±14.01Ca | 266.76±3.68Cc | 301.61±3.96Cb | 287.43±4.06Cb |
4 | - | - | 233.06±9.30Da | 145.77±2.73Db |
5 | - | - | 112.71±2.22Ea | 83.43±1.70Eb |
Total | 2,786.73±34.61a | 2,543.17±9.89b | 1,726.77±30.64c | 1,332.85±24.88d |
Ethyl palmitate | 1 | 58.77±0.41Ab | 120.36±0.54Aa | 51.07±0.22Ad | 52.80±0.33Ac |
2 | ND | ND | ND | ND |
3 | ND | ND | ND | ND |
4 | - | - | ND | ND |
5 | - | - | ND | ND |
Total | 58.77±0.41b | 120.36±0.54a | 51.07±0.22d | 52.80±0.33c |
Whole milk power was added during solid-state fermentation.
All values are mean±SD (n=3). ND, not detected.