Table 4. Physicochemical properties and applications of pesticides

Pesticide Characteristics
Vapor pressure (mPa) Log kow Field of use Route of action
Abamectin <0.0037 (25°C) 4.4 (pH 7.2) Insecticide, acaricide, nematicide Systemic
Acetamiprid <0.001 (25°C) 0.8 Insecticide Systemic
Acetochlor 0.022 (20°C), 0.046 (25°C) 4.14 Herbicide absorbed mainly by the shoots
Aminopyralid 9.52×10-6 (20°C), 2.59×10-5 (25°C) -2.96 (pH 9), -2.87 (pH 7), -1.75 (pH 5) Herbicide Systemic
Azoxystrobin 1.1×10-7 (20°C) 2.5 Fungicide Systemic
Benzovindiflupyr 3.2×10-6 (25°C) 4.3 Fungicide
Bifenazate 0.00038 (25°C) 3.4 (pH 7) Acaricide Non-systemic
Bifenthrin 0.00178 (20°C) >6.0 Insecticide
Bixafen 4.6×10-5 (20°C) 3.3 Fungicide Systemic
Boscalid 0.00072 (20°C) 2.96 Fungicide foliar absorption, translocates
Chlorantraniliprole 6.3×10-9 (20°C) 2.76 (pH 7) Insecticide
Chlorpyrifos-methyl 3 (25°C) 4.24 Insecticide Non-systemic
Clothianidin 3.8×10-8 (20°C), 1.3×10-7 (25°C) 0.7 Insecticide Systemic
Cyantraniliprole 5.13×10-15 1.94 Insecticide
Cyfluthrin 2.1×10-5 (20°C), 0.00096 (20°C), 1.4×10-5 (20°C), 8.5×10-5 (20°C) 6.0, 6.0, 5.9, 5.9 Insecticide Non-systemic
Cyhalothrin 0.0012 (20°C) 6.9 Insecticide Non-systemic
Cypermethrin 0.0002 (20°C) 6.6 Insecticide Non-systemic
Deltamethrin 1.24×10-5 (25°C) 4.6 Insecticide Non-systemic
Dicamba 1.67 (25°C) 1.87 Herbicide Systemic
Dichlorvos 2,100 (25°C) 1.42, 1.9 Insecticide
Dinotefuran <0.0017 (30°C) -0.549 Insecticide Systemic
Emamectin benzoate 0.004 (21°C) 5.0 (pH 7) Insecticide Non-systemic
Ethephon <0.01 (20°C) >-2.2 Plant growth regulator Systemic
Fenitrothion 1.57 (25°C) 3.43 Insecticide Non-systemic
Fenpropathrin 0.73 (20°C) 6.0 Insecticide Non-systemic
Flonicamid 0.00255 (25°C) 0.3 Insecticide Systemic
Fluazifop-P-butyl 0.414 (25°C) 4.5 Herbicide
Flubendiamide 0.0001 (25°C) 4.2 Insecticide Non-systemic
Flumioxazin 0.32 (22°C) 2.55 Herbicide
Fluopyram 0.0012 3.3 (pH 6.5) Fungicide
Flupyradifurone 9.1×10-7 (20°C) 1.2 (pH 7) Insecticide Systemic
Flusilazole 0.039 (25°C) 3.74 (pH 7) Fungicide Systemic
Flutriafol 7.1×10-6 (20°C) 2.3 Fungicide Systemic
Fluxapyroxad 2.7×10-6 (20°C), 8.1×10-6 (25°C) 3.08 Fungicide Systemic
Glyphosate 0.0131 (25°C) >-3.2 (pH 5-9) Herbicide Systemic
Glufosinate <0.1 (20°C) <0.1 (pH 7) Herbicide Systemic
Hexythiazox 0.001333 (20°C) 2.75 Acaricide Non-systemic
Imazamox <0.013 (25°C) 0.73 Herbicide absorbed through both foliage and roots
Imazapyr <0.013 (60°C) 0.11 Herbicide Systemic
Imazethapyr <0.013 (60°C) 1.04 (pH 5), 1.2 (pH 9), 1.49 (pH 7) Herbicide Systemic
Isopyrazam 2.2×10-7 (20°C), 5.7×10-7 (25°C) 4.4, 4.1 Fungicide
Malathion 5.3 (30°C) 2.75 Insecticide Non-systemic
MCPA 0.023 (20°C), 0.4 (32°C), 4 (45°C) -0.71 (pH 7), 0.59 (pH 5), 2.75 (pH 1) Herbicide Systemic
Metrafenone 0.153 (20°C), 0.256 (25°C) 4.3 (pH 4.0) Fungicide Systemic
Penthiopyrad 0.00643 (25°C) 3.2 (24°C) Fungicide
Picoxystrobin 0.0055 (20°C) 3.6 Fungicide Systemic
Pinoxaden 0.0002 (20°C), 0.00046 (25°C) 3.2 Herbicide Systemic
Profenofos 0.124 (25°C) 4.44 Insecticide Non-systemic
Propiconazole 0.56 (25°C) 3.72 (pH 6.6) Fungicide Systemic
Prothioconazole <0.0004 (20°C) 2.0 (pH 9), 3.82 (pH 7), 4.16 (pH 4) Fungicide Systemic
Pyraclostrobin 2.6×10-5 (20°C) 3.99 Fungicide
Quinclorac <0.01 (20°C) -0.74 (pH 7) Herbicide Absorbed through the foliage
Saflufenacil 4.5×10-12 (20°C) 2.6 Herbicide Absorbed by foliage and roots
Spiromesifen 0.007 (20°C) 4.55 Insecticide Non-systemic
Spirotetramat 5.6×10-6 (20°C), 1.5×10-5 (25°C) 2.5 (pH 9), 2.51 (pH 4), 2.51 (pH 7) Insecticide Systemic
Sulfoxaflor >1.4×10-6 0.802 (pH 7) Insecticide Systemic
Tebuconazole 0.0017 (20°C) 3.7 Fungicide Systemic
Teflubenzuron 1.3×10-5 (25°C) 4.3 Insecticide Systemic
Thiamethoxam 6.6×10-6 (25°C) -0.13 Insecticide Systemic
Tolfenpyrad 0.0005 (25°C) 5.61 Insecticide, fungicide
Trinexapac-ethyl 2.16 (25°C) 1.5 (pH 5), -2.1 (pH 8.9), -0.29 (pH 6.9) Plant growth regulator