Table 2. Analytical methods used for pesticide analysis on wheat, corn and cottonseed

Analysis instrument Pesticide Commodity Extraction solvents Year of JMPR1) report and evaluation
LC-MS/MS Abamectin cottonseed acetonitrile : 0.1% phosphoric acid (25:75) 2015a
Acetochlor cottonseed acetonitrile : water (80:20) 2015b
Aminopyralid wheat 0.1 N NaOH 2006a
Azoxystrobin wheat acetonitrile : water (9:1) 2008a
Benzovindiflupyr wheat acetonitrile : water (80:20) 2016a
Bixafen wheat acetonitrile : water (4:1), 2016b
Chlorantraniliprole wheat acetonitrile : water 2016c
cottonseed acetonitrile : water 2008b
Clothianidin cottonseed acetonitrile : water : formic acid (20:80:0.1) 2010b
Cyantraniliprole corn Aqueous acetonitrile 2015c
cottonseed acetonitrile 2013a
Dinotefuran cottonseed acetonitrile : water (8:2) 2012c
Flonicamid cottonseed acetonitrile : water (1:1) 2015e
Flubendiamide corn acetonitrile : 0.01% HCl 2010d
cottonseed 2010d
Fluopyram wheat acetonitrile : water (80:20) 2010e
corn acetonitrile : water (80:20) 2010e
cottonseed acetonitrile : water (80:20) 2010e
Flupyradifurone wheat acetonitrile : water (4:1), 2.2 mL/L formic acid 2016e
corn acetonitrile : water (4:1), 2.2 mL/L formic acid 2016e
cottonseed acetonitrile : water (4:1), 2.2 mL/L formic acid 2016e
Flutriafol wheat acetonitrile 2011c
Fluxapyroxad wheat methanol : water (50:50) 2012d
corn methanol : water (50:50) 2012d
Fluxapyroxad cottonseed methanol : water (50:50) 2015h
Glyphosate corn aqueous acid (0.1% formic acid or 0.25 N hydrochloric acid) : methanol (96:4) 2011d
Isopyrazam wheat acetonitrile : water (80:20) 2011e
Malathion wheat acetonitrile 2008d
Metrafenone wheat methanol : water 2016g
Penthiopyrad wheat acetonitrile : water (4:1) 2012g
Picoxystrobin wheat acetonitrile : water (9:1) 2012h
corn acetonitrile : water (9:1) 2012h
Pinoxaden wheat 1 N HCl or 1 M HCl : acetonitrile (90:10) 2016h
Prothioconazole wheat methanol : 30% hydrogen peroxide : aqueous sodium bicarbonate 2008f
Prothioconazole corn methanol : 30% hydrogen peroxide : aqueous sodium bicarbonate 2014c
Pyraclostrobin wheat methanol : water : 2 N HCl (70:25:5) 2011f
cottonseed methanol : water : 2 N HCl (70:25:5) 2011f
Saflufenacil wheat methanol : water (70:30) 2016i
Spiromesifen wheat acetonitrile : water (4:1) 2016j
cottonseed acetonitrile : water (4:1) 2016j
Spirotetramat cottonseed acidic acetonitrile : water (4:1) 2011g
Sulfoxaflor wheat acetonitrile : water (80:20) 2011h
Teflubenzuron corn acetone 2016k
Tolfenpyrad cottonseed methanol 2013c
Trinexapac-ethyl wheat acetonitrile : 1 N hydrochloric acid (80:20) 2013d
HPLC-UVD Thiamethoxam wheat acetonitrile : water (80:20) 2010f
cottonseed acetonitrile : water (80:20) 2010f
HPLC-FLD Emamectin benzoate cottonseed acetonitrile 2011b
GC-NPD Flusilazole wheat ethyl acetate or hexane 2007c
Imazethapyr corn 1 M HCl : water : methanol (1:39:60) 2016f
GC-MS Boscalid wheat acetone : water (2:1) 2006c
Chlorpyrifos-methyl wheat acetone : water (80:20) 2009a
Fluazifop-P-butyl cottonseed 0.2 M NaOH in methanol 2016d
Flumioxazin wheat acetone : water 2015f
Imazapyr corn acidic acetone : water (1:3) 2013b
MCPA wheat methanol 2012f
GC-FPD Dichlorvos wheat acetonitrile : water (4:1) 2012b
corn acetonitrile : water (4:1) 2012b
cottonseed acetonitrile : water (4:1) 2012b
Ethephon wheat methanol 2015d
cottonseed methanol 2015d
Glufosinate cottonseed 2012e
GC-ECD Acetamiprid cottonseed methanol 2011a
Bifenthrin wheat acetone 2010a
corn acetonitrile : water (1:1) 2010a
cottonseed acetone 2010a
Cyfluthrin cottonseed methanol : water (4:1) 2007a
Cyhalothrin wheat acetone : hexane (1:1) 2008c
Cypermethrin wheat n-hexane : acetone 2009b
Deltamethrin wheat n-hexane : acetone 2002
corn n-hexane : acetone 2002
Dicamba wheat 1 N HCl 2010c
corn 1 N HCl 2010c
cottonseed 1 N HCl 2010c
Fenitrothion wheat methanol 2007b
Fenpropathrin cottonseed n-hexane : acetone 2014a
Profenofos cottonseed methanol : water 2008f
Propiconazole wheat 2007d
corn 2007d
Quinclorac wheat acetone : 0.1 M NaOH 2015i
CE-UV Imazamox wheat acidic water : methanol 2014b
Joint meeting FAO/WHO on pesticides residues.