Table 2. Central composite design for ultrasonic-assisted extraction from cumin and the extraction yield, total polyphenolics, and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS) of the extracts
Test runs | Independent variables | Measured responses |
Extraction temperature X1 (°C) | Ethanol concentration X2 (%) | Extraction time X3 (min) | Yield (%) | TPC (mg GAE/g) | DPPH (%) | ABTS (%) |
1 | 30 (-1)1) | 20 (-1) | 30 (-1) | 20.75±0.072) | 24.14±0.20 | 51.72±0.17 | 31.19±0.06 |
2 | 30 (-1) | 20 (-1) | 60 (1) | 21.70±0.42 | 23.91±0.44 | 52.82±0.23 | 30.27±0.28 |
3 | 30 (-1) | 60 (1) | 30 (-1) | 18.35±0.35 | 25.41±0.17 | 53.74±0.50 | 31.75±0.42 |
4 | 30 (-1) | 60 (1) | 60 (1) | 22.10±0.57 | 27.49±0.17 | 54.92±0.34 | 30.84±0.16 |
5 | 60 (1) | 20 (-1) | 30 (-1) | 18.20±0.14 | 20.96±0.10 | 46.44±0.70 | 43.76±0.28 |
6 | 60 (1) | 20 (-1) | 60 (1) | 17.07±0.04 | 20.32±0.26 | 37.49±0.69 | 39.48±0.95 |
7 | 60 (1) | 60 (1) | 30 (-1) | 13.30±0.42 | 21.94±0.52 | 50.93±0.43 | 44.59±0.41 |
8 | 60 (1) | 60 (1) | 60 (1) | 13.25±0.07 | 19.11±0.56 | 46.59±0.76 | 38.25±0.06 |
9 | 15 (-2) | 40 (0) | 45 (0) | 17.75±0.21 | 22.40±0.36 | 50.74±0.17 | 26.08±0.31 |
10 | 75 (2) | 40 (0) | 45 (0) | 13.75±0.21 | 18.36±0.20 | 38.82±0.40 | 33.71±0.36 |
11 | 45 (0) | 0 (-2) | 45 (0) | 21.55±0.21 | 22.40±0.61 | 42.26±0.34 | 38.65±0.52 |
12 | 45 (0) | 80 (2) | 45 (0) | 11.90±0.00 | 20.44±0.56 | 43.27±0.47 | 33.71±0.41 |
13 | 45 (0) | 0 (-2) | 15 (-2) | 19.20±0.28 | 16.91±0.76 | 36.88±0.39 | 35.31±0.27 |
14 | 45 (0) | 40 (0) | 75 (2) | 19.10±0.00 | 25.29±0.10 | 51.93±0.40 | 42.33±0.48 |
15 | 45 (0) | 40 (0) | 45 (0) | 19.50±0.28 | 27.14±0.52 | 49.84±0.45 | 43.11±0.21 |
16 | 45 (0) | 40 (0) | 45 (0) | 18.90±0.57 | 26.33±0.61 | 50.51±0.34 | 43.18±0.37 |
17 | 45 (0) | 40 (0) | 45 (0) | 19.10±0.28 | 25.93±0.69 | 50.74±0.36 | 43.79±0.37 |
18 | 45 (0) | 40 (0) | 45 (0) | 19.85±0.07 | 26.85±0.89 | 51.07±0.39 | 43.69±0.45 |
19 | 45 (0) | 40 (0) | 45 (0) | 19.30±0.14 | 26.57±1.02 | 49.88±0.45 | 44.13±0.21 |
20 | 45 (0) | 40 (0) | 45 (0) | 19.65±0.07 | 27.03±0.70 | 50.89±0.34 | 43.89±0.27 |
Values in brackets were coded levels for process variables according to CCD.
Analytical results represented by mean±SD (n=3).