Table 5. Comprehensive changes of ginsenoside contents of ginseng sprouts (above and below ground) according to the roasting process

Contents (mg/100 g)	Above ground / Roasting time (min, 150°C)				Below ground / Roasting time (min, 200°C)
Contents (mg/100 g)	0	5	10	15	0	5	10	15
Protopanaxtriol types
Ginsenoside Rg1	5.90±0.30^a1)	4.42±0.22^ab	4.05±0.20^b	4.06±0.20^b	2.31±0.12^c	2.23±0.11^c	2.31±0.12^c	1.92±0.10^c
Ginsenoside Re	32.67±1.63^a	21.02±1.05^b	19.97±1.00^b	19.40±0.97^b	5.40±0.27^c	4.56±0.23^d	5.13±0.26^cd	4.42±0.22^d
Ginsenoside Rf	0.34±0.02^c	0.34±0.02^c	0.30±0.02^c	0.31±0.02^c	0.96±0.05^a	0.89±0.04^a	0.96±0.05^a	0.79±0.04^b
Ginsenoside F5	1.29±0.06^a	0.87±0.04^b	0.84±0.04^b	0.97±0.05^a	0.24±0.01^c	0.22±0.01^c	0.22±0.01^c	0.21±0.01^c
Ginsenoside F3	4.86±0.24^a	3.27±0.16^b	3.30±0.17^b	3.68±0.18^ab	ND²⁾	ND	ND	ND
Ginsenoside Rg2	2.34±0.12^b	2.35±0.12^b	2.63±0.13^ab	3.13±0.16^a	0.64±0.03^c	0.58±0.03^c	0.61±0.03^c	0.47±0.02^d
Ginsenoside Rh1	0.45±0.02^d	0.54±0.03^c	0.62±0.03^b	0.62±0.03^b	0.76±0.04^a	0.74±0.04^a	0.71±0.04^a	0.62±0.03^b
Ginsenoside F1	1.68±0.08^a	1.32±0.07^b	1.31±0.07^b	1.34±0.07^b	ND	ND	ND	ND
Protopanaxtriol	0.39±0.02^c	0.96±0.05^b	1.06±0.05^b	1.35±0.07^a	ND	ND	ND	ND
Total	49.92	35.09	34.08	34.86	12.31	9.22	9.94	8.43
Protopanaxdiol types
Ginsenoside Rb1	3.63±0.18^d	2.74±0.14^e	2.49±0.12^e	2.48±0.12^e	10.14±0.51^a	9.02±0.45^ab	8.57±0.43^b	7.07±0.35^c
Ginsenoside Rc	3.37±0.17^c	2.27±0.1^d	2.21±0.11^d	2.23±0.11^d	4.85±0.24^a	4.18±0.21^ab	3.91±0.20^b	3.26±0.16^c
Ginsenoside Rb2	5.68±0.28^a	3.74±0.19^b	3.70±0.19^b	3.70±0.19^b	3.08±0.15^bc	2.53±0.13^c	2.42±0.12^c	2.12±0.11^c
Ginsenoside Rb3	0.72±0.04^a	0.45±0.02^b	0.44±0.02^b	0.43±0.02^b	0.48±0.02^b	0.27±0.01^d	0.42±0.02^b	0.38±0.02^c
Ginsenoside Rd	20.57±1.03^a	15.72±0.79^c	16.33±0.82^bc	17.87±0.89^b	1.98±0.09^d	1.62±0.08^e	2.13±0.11^d	1.41±0.07^f
Ginsenoside Rd2	3.09±0.15^d	7.54±0.38^c	8.52±0.43^b	11.37±0.57^a	1.59±0.08^f	1.42±0.07^g	1.75±0.09^e	1.46±0.07^g
Ginsenoside F2	5.23±0.26^c	5.46±0.27^c	6.80±0.34^b	7.55±0.38^a	0.49±0.02^g	0.59±0.03^f	0.90±0.05^d	0.74±0.04^e
Ginsenoside Rg3	0.85±0.04^c	0.91±0.05^c	0.98±0.05^c	1.42±0.07^b	0.42±0.02^e	0.61±0.03^d	1.77±0.09^a	0.96±0.05^c
Compound K	0.63±0.03^f	0.81±0.04^d	0.98±0.05^c	1.81±0.09^a	0.47±0.02^g	0.76±0.04^e	1.24±0.06^b	0.92±0.05^c
Ginsenoside Rh2	0.65±0.03^b	0.66±0.03^b	0.66±0.03^b	0.94±0.05^a	0.12±0.01^f	0.24±0.01^e	0.40±0.02^c	0.33±0.02^d
Protopanaxdiol	0.50±0.03^b	0.23±0.01^d	0.30±0.02^c	0.77±0.04^a	ND	ND	ND	ND
Total	44.92	40.53	43.41	50.57	23.62	21.24	23.51	18.65
Oleanane types
Ginsenoside Ro	6.89±0.34^a1)	3.78±0.19^b	3.50±0.18^b	3.85±0.19^b	1.46±0.07^e	1.79±0.09^d	2.59±0.13^c	2.31±0.12^c
Total	6.89	3.78	3.50	3.85	1.46	1.79	2.59	2.31
Total ginsenosides	101.73	79.40	80.99	89.28	37.39	32.25	36.04	29.39

All values are presented as the mean±SD of triplicate determination. All values within a column with different superscript letters represent statistically significant difference from each other at p<0.05 by Duncan’s multiple range test.
ND, not detected