Table 5. Functional component content of ginger extracts as affected by treatment type and time
| Treatment | Time (h) | 2)TP (%) | TF (%) | | Total (%) | 6-G (%) | 8-G (%) | 10-G (%) | 6-S (%) | 8-S (%) | 10-S (%) |
| 1)Step I | Stirring | 2 | 4)c1.31±0.03 | b0.62±0.01 | | c1.48±0.18 | c0.84±0.07 | c0.15±0.01 | c0.39±0.10 | b0.03±0.01 | b0.02±0.02 | b0.04±0.01 |
| Sonication | 0.5 | b3.62±0.06 | b0.60±0.05 | b3.57±1.09 | b2.05±0.58 | b0.40±0.16 | b0.79±0.23 | b0.04±0.00 | a0.22±0.08 | b0.08±0.04 |
| Reflux | 2 | a4.75±0.07A | a1.38±0.14A | a6.50±0.20A | a3.21±0.03 | a1.11±0.02A | a1.36±0.23 | a0.23±0.01A | a0.19±0.01A | a0.39±0.02A |
| F-value | 3,343.08***6) | 76.60*** | | 45.21*** | 37.32*** | 83.09*** | 18.62** | 696.20*** | 15.37** | 151.12*** |
| Reflux | 1 | 4.26±0.08B | 1.19±0.07AB | | 5.92±0.29B | 3.09±0.07 | 1.03±0.01B | 1.42±0.26 | 0.16±0.01B | 0.08±0.03B | 0.14±0.02C |
| 0.5 | 3)4.08±0.13B5) | 1.14±0.04B | 6.02±0.09B | 3.10±0.04 | 0.99±0.02C | 1.43±0.02 | 0.16±0.05B | 0.06±0.01B | 0.29±0.04B |
| F-value | 39.45*** | 5.42* | | 6.36* | NS | 55.63*** | NS | 5.33* | 50.63*** | 61.58*** |
| Step II | Stirring | 2 | b0.94±0.01 | a0.14±0.01 | | a0.07±0.00 | a0.07±0.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Sonication | 0.5 | a1.05±0.01 | a0.12±0.00 | b0.04±0.00 | b0.04±0.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Reflux | 2 | c0.85±0.01 | b0.05±0.01B | c0.01±0.00 | c0.01±0.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
| F-value | 222.64*** | 50.25*** | | 217.00*** | 217.00*** | - | - | - | - | - |
| Reflux | 1 | 0.83±0.02 | 0.10±0.01A | | 0.01±0.00 | 0.01±0.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.5 | 0.83±0.01 | 0.10±0.02A | 0.00±0.00 | 0.00±0.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
| F-value | NS | 7.37* | | NS | NS | - | - | - | - | - |
1)Abbreviations are the same as in Table 4.
2)TP, total polyphenol; TF, total flavonoids; Total, sum of the 6, 8, 10 gingerol and 6, 8, 10 shogaol; 6-G, 6-gingerol; 8-G, 8-gingerol; 10-G, 10-gingerol; 6-S, 6-shogaol; 8-S, 8-shogaol; 10-S, 10-shogaol.
3)All values are mean±SD (n=3).
4)a-cMeans with different small letters in the same column (Stirring 2 h, Sonication 0.5 h, and Reflux 2 h) differ significantly by Duncan's multiple range test (p<0.05).
5)A-CMeans with different capital letters in the same column (Reflux 0.5, 1, and 2 h) differ significantly by Duncan's multiple range test (p<0.05).
6)*, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001; NS, not significant.