Table 4. Free Amino acid contents of Gochujang

(unit: ppm)

Amino acids NAG¹⁾ LAG²⁾ FAG³⁾

Phosphoserine - - 166.59±6.38⁴⁾

Taurine 260.17±10.04^a⁵⁾ 233.19±9.52^b 239.21±1.00^b

Aspartic Acid 173.71±3.83^b 190.21±9.54^a 174.56±5.11^b

Threonine 601.94±1.73^c 667.90±13.62^b 691.37±8.95^a

Glutamic Acid 355.80±6.54^a 334.81±20.63^a 323.32±19.01^a

Sarcosine 2,807.22±160.83^a^b 2,886.99±40.24^a 2,646.32±4.58^b

a-Aminoadipic Acid 421.52±14.13^b 463.71±9.93^a 457.16±2.76^a

Glycine 295.14±6.10^a 274.34±21.22^a 294.94±16.82^a

Alanine 379.18±13.43^a 345.23±0.89^b 373.90±5.50^a

a-Aminobutyric Acid 53.77±3.67^a 49.36±2.06^a 53.14±1.97^a

Valine 260.91±5.45^a 260.14±11.31^a -

Cystine 440.34±18.23^a 375.15±4.60^c 410.68±8.44^b

Methionine 240.06±7.13^a 213.25±2.46^b 221.85±7.42^b

Cystathionine 566.73±17.98^a 511.53±8.22^b 518.07±6.75^b

Isoleucine 236.16±17.22^a 223.04±22.11^a 209.92±18.69^a

Leucine 347.69±4.96^a 315.53±6.46^b 304.97±4.67^b

Phenylalanine 409.89±2.21^c 682.00±14.21^b 899.76±7.42^a

g-Aminobutyric Acid 133.26±1.93^a 132.32±2.28^a 133.89±5.59^a

Ammonia 146.39±3.77^a 140.81±2.17^a 140.16±5.18^a

Lysine 359.36±6.95^a 323.34±2.75^b 320.94±26.82^b

Histidine 92.79±2.22^a 84.58±2.01^b 87.10±4.55^a^b

Arginine 699.64±9.73^a 609.68±7.49^b 606.21±5.63^b

Hydroxyproline 175.50±4.29^a 160.80±3.93^b 147.70±5.04^c

Proline 1,827.50±29.99^b 1,857.60±2.35^b 2,038.80±15.50^a

Total 11,284.66±157.09^a 11,335.51±52.79^a 11,460.55±130.63^a

¹⁾Not added apple Gochujang.
²⁾Gochujang with apple liquid.
³⁾Gochujang with fermented apple products.
⁴⁾Values are means±SD (n=3).
⁵⁾^a^-^cDifferent superscripts within a row indicate significantly different at p<0.05.

Amino acids	NAG¹⁾	LAG²⁾	FAG³⁾
Phosphoserine	-	-	166.59±6.38⁴⁾
Taurine	260.17±10.04^a⁵⁾	233.19±9.52^b	239.21±1.00^b
Aspartic Acid	173.71±3.83^b	190.21±9.54^a	174.56±5.11^b
Threonine	601.94±1.73^c	667.90±13.62^b	691.37±8.95^a
Glutamic Acid	355.80±6.54^a	334.81±20.63^a	323.32±19.01^a
Sarcosine	2,807.22±160.83^a^b	2,886.99±40.24^a	2,646.32±4.58^b
a-Aminoadipic Acid	421.52±14.13^b	463.71±9.93^a	457.16±2.76^a
Glycine	295.14±6.10^a	274.34±21.22^a	294.94±16.82^a
Alanine	379.18±13.43^a	345.23±0.89^b	373.90±5.50^a
a-Aminobutyric Acid	53.77±3.67^a	49.36±2.06^a	53.14±1.97^a
Valine	260.91±5.45^a	260.14±11.31^a	-
Cystine	440.34±18.23^a	375.15±4.60^c	410.68±8.44^b
Methionine	240.06±7.13^a	213.25±2.46^b	221.85±7.42^b
Cystathionine	566.73±17.98^a	511.53±8.22^b	518.07±6.75^b
Isoleucine	236.16±17.22^a	223.04±22.11^a	209.92±18.69^a
Leucine	347.69±4.96^a	315.53±6.46^b	304.97±4.67^b
Phenylalanine	409.89±2.21^c	682.00±14.21^b	899.76±7.42^a
g-Aminobutyric Acid	133.26±1.93^a	132.32±2.28^a	133.89±5.59^a
Ammonia	146.39±3.77^a	140.81±2.17^a	140.16±5.18^a
Lysine	359.36±6.95^a	323.34±2.75^b	320.94±26.82^b
Histidine	92.79±2.22^a	84.58±2.01^b	87.10±4.55^a^b
Arginine	699.64±9.73^a	609.68±7.49^b	606.21±5.63^b
Hydroxyproline	175.50±4.29^a	160.80±3.93^b	147.70±5.04^c
Proline	1,827.50±29.99^b	1,857.60±2.35^b	2,038.80±15.50^a
Total	11,284.66±157.09^a	11,335.51±52.79^a	11,460.55±130.63^a