Table 5. The content of organic acid in Ligularia fischeri according to growing place and harvest time

(unit: mg%)

Sample¹⁾ Harvest time Oxalic acid Tartaric acid Acetic acid Citric acid Succinic acid Total organic acids

OL May 10^th 191.70±3.22²⁾^b³⁾ 70.51±0.87^d 13.83±0.53^d 283.49±10.30^b 795.65±59.31^b 1,365.18

May 17^th 185.85±4.63^b^c 69.86±2.79^d 16.18±1.21^d 375.40±27.41^a 775.74±16.71^b^c 1,440.03

June 2^nd 191.08±1.92^b 103.42±8.63^c 7.21±1.27^e 346.37±21.03^a 847.43±25.62^a 1,497.51

June 19^th 188.55±6.64^b^c 103.36±15.37^c 7.32±0.48^e 330.62±16.08^a^b 768.21±38.28^c 1,417.06

GL May 10^th 225.64±11.02^a 145.47±8.89^a^b 32.01±6.91^c 31.20±8.20^d 92.25± 9.72^e 536.57

May 17^th 199.48±2.60^b 147.42±4.19^a^b 43.74±3.78^b 17.86±1.07^e 98.69± 4.64^d^e 524.19

June 2^nd 198.47±3.22^b 168.30±9.58^a 42.06±5.57^b 32.93±1.05^d 85.02± 6.19^e 528.78

June 19^th 216.86±10.63^a 132.82±11.53^b 53.06±1.34^a 30.92±2.59^d 85.60± 5.44^e 538.26

¹⁾OL, Ligularia fischeri grown at open field; GL, Ligularia fischeri grown at greenhouse.
²⁾All values are mean±SD (n=3).
³⁾Mean±SD with different superscripts within the same column are significantly different (p<0.05) by Duncan’s multiple range test (a>b>c>d>e).

Sample¹⁾	Harvest time	Oxalic acid	Tartaric acid	Acetic acid	Citric acid	Succinic acid	Total organic acids
OL	May 10^th	191.70±3.22²⁾^b³⁾	70.51±0.87^d	13.83±0.53^d	283.49±10.30^b	795.65±59.31^b	1,365.18
	May 17^th	185.85±4.63^b^c	69.86±2.79^d	16.18±1.21^d	375.40±27.41^a	775.74±16.71^b^c	1,440.03
	June 2^nd	191.08±1.92^b	103.42±8.63^c	7.21±1.27^e	346.37±21.03^a	847.43±25.62^a	1,497.51
	June 19^th	188.55±6.64^b^c	103.36±15.37^c	7.32±0.48^e	330.62±16.08^a^b	768.21±38.28^c	1,417.06
GL	May 10^th	225.64±11.02^a	145.47±8.89^a^b	32.01±6.91^c	31.20±8.20^d	92.25± 9.72^e	536.57
	May 17^th	199.48±2.60^b	147.42±4.19^a^b	43.74±3.78^b	17.86±1.07^e	98.69± 4.64^d^e	524.19
	June 2^nd	198.47±3.22^b	168.30±9.58^a	42.06±5.57^b	32.93±1.05^d	85.02± 6.19^e	528.78
	June 19^th	216.86±10.63^a	132.82±11.53^b	53.06±1.34^a	30.92±2.59^d	85.60± 5.44^e	538.26