Table 1 Compar ison of free amino acid contents in the unfermented and fermented raw and HPSs sprouting

Contents (mg/100 mL)	Raw soybean		Sprouting length (cm)
			0		1		2		4
			UFHPS1)	FHPS	UFSHPS	FSHPS	UFSHPS	FSHPS	UFSHPS	FSHPS	UFSHPS	FSHPS
	Alanine	2.00±0.102)^g3)	5.20±0.26^g	14.20±0.71^f	36.71±1.84^e	56.65±2.83^d	54.33±2.72^d	128.82±6.44^a	101.28±5.06^b	119.89±5.99^b	128.02±6.40^a
	Arginine	31.14±1.56^c	ND4)	312.32±15.62^a	ND	213.08±10.65^b	ND	319.06±15.95^a	ND	213.36±10.67^b	ND
Aspartic acid	ND	7.72±0.39^g	23.47±1.17^f	41.36±2.07^e	53.31±2.67^d	59.84±2.99^d	90.35±4.52^b	76.51±3.83^c	57.78±2.89^d	121.98±6.10^a
Aminoadipic acid	0.57±0.03^d	6.50±0.33^c	3.77±0.19^c	18.60±0.93^b	16.02±0.80^b	46.12±2.31^a	9.05±0.45^c	47.57±2.38^a	6.50±0.33^c	41.25±2.06^a
β-Alanine	1.21±0.06d	1.37±0.07d	2.58±0.13d	8.61±0.43b	27.01±1.35a	7.74±0.39b	3.88±0.19c	22.90±1.15a	9.72±0.49b	5.88±0.29c
γ-Aminobutyric acid	1.81±0.09g	3.75±0.19g	17.85±0.89f	32.46±1.62e	29.31±1.47e	101.60±5.08a	50.46±2.52d	77.32±3.87c	36.92±1.85e	85.94±4.30b
Cystine	4.67±0.23^c	0.60±0.03^d	27.63±1.38^a	21.75±1.09^a	22.77±1.14^a	ND	4.86±0.24^c	8.97±0.45^b	5.83±0.29^c	10.95±0.55^b
Citrulline	4.33±0.22^d	2.55±0.13^d	11.37±0.57^b	9.08±0.45^b	42.85±2.14^a	8.50±0.43^b	5.60±0.28^c	ND	6.18±0.31^b	2.91±0.15^d
Glycine	1.84±0.09^d	2.44±0.12^d	8.31±0.42^c	13.29±0.66^b	8.39±0.42^b	19.38±0.97^a	11.34±0.57^b	18.36±0.92^a	10.18±0.51^b	20.71±1.04^a
Glutamic acid	4.19±0.21^g	2.93±0.15^g	23.35±1.17^e	13.19±0.66^f	100.31±5.02^a	45.09±2.25^d	92.66±4.63^b	17.33±0.87^f	68.45±3.42^c	21.88±1.09^e
Histidine*	1.37±0.07^e	2.11±0.11^e	10.84±0.54^d	12.52±0.63^d	25.96±1.30^c	34.16±1.71^b	34.40±1.72^b	30.56±1.53^b	34.54±1.73^b	43.19±2.16^a
Isoleucine*	0.94±0.05^e	0.11±0.01^e	2.08±0.10^d	2.32±0.12^d	15.07±0.75^c	22.10±1.11^b	26.38±1.32^b	26.32±1.32^b	27.30±1.37^b	39.18±1.96^a
Lysine*	1.26±0.06^d	1.14±0.06^d	5.66±0.28^c	7.77±0.39^c	34.91±1.75^b	38.69±1.93^b	53.91±2.70^a	36.79±1.84^b	47.31±2.37^a	46.96±2.35^a
Leucine*	1.71±0.09^e	ND	3.07±0.15^d	3.19±0.16^d	22.58±1.13^c	56.57±2.83^a	28.37±1.42^c	33.17±1.66^b	26.30±1.32^c	49.48±2.47^a
Methionine*	0.40±0.02^d	0.57±0.03^d	4.16±0.21^c	5.33±0.27^b	6.74±0.34^b	5.71±0.29^b	7.89±0.39^a	7.35±0.37^a	5.26±0.26^b	7.72±0.39^a
Ornithine	1.19±0.06^e	36.69±1.83^c	1.45±0.07^b	238.86±11.94^a	37.13±1.86^c	244.33±12.22^a	3.67±0.18^d	192.59±9.63^b	3.52±0.18^d	190.08±9.50^b
Proline	ND	ND	ND	ND	16.03±0.80^c	43.50±2.18^a	13.68±0.68^c	21.88±1.09^b	24.26±1.21^b	42.89±2.14^a
Phenylalanine*	1.53±0.08^e	2.97±0.15^e	14.48±0.72^d	20.40±1.02^c	44.01±2.20^b	72.15±3.61^a	23.27±1.16^c	25.72±1.29^c	30.51±1.53^c	45.58±2.28^b
Serine	1.30±0.07^e	0.20±0.01^e	4.59±0.23^d	3.24±0.16^d	17.43±0.87^c	8.81±0.44^d	86.20±4.31^a	21.30±1.07^c	83.15±4.16^a	53.19±2.66^b
Tyrosine	0.54±0.03^d	0.26±0.01^d	8.69±0.43^b	6.34±0.32^b	18.25±0.91^a	2.07±0.10^c	17.53±0.88^a	ND	12.29±0.61^a	ND
Threonine*	0.89±0.04^f	ND	3.36±0.17^d	2.12±0.11^e	10.22±0.51^b	3.99±0.20^d	18.97±0.95^a	3.46±0.17^d	15.62±0.78^b	8.06±0.40^c
Valine*	1.59±0.08^f	4.53±0.23^e	5.59±0.28^e	5.31±0.27^e	21.59±1.08^d	37.03±1.85^c	43.77±2.19^b	41.71±2.09^b	49.99±2.50^a	57.31±2.87^a
Total	63.11±3.16^g	79.53±3.98^f	497.98±24.90^e	489.93±24.50^e	813.66±40.68^c	877.55±43.88^c	1,039.72±51.99^a	780.53±39.03^d 860.32±43.02^c		979.97±49.00^b

Essential amino acids.
Abbreviation: UFHSP, unfermented high-protein soybean; FHSP, fermented high-protein soybean; UFSHPS, unfermented steam high-protein soybean; FSHPS, fermented steam high-protein soybean.
All values are presented as the mean±SD of triplicate determination.
All values within a column with different superscript letters are significantly different from each other at p<0.05 by Duncan’s multiple range test.
ND, not detected.