Table 1 Volatile flavor compounds identified in Jeju citrus fruits

No RI1) Compound Name MF2) Cheonhyehyang Hallabong Jinjihyang Hwanggeumhyang Redhyang
area% mg/kg area% mg/kg area% mg/kg area% mg/kg area% mg/kg
1 560 Butanone C4H8O 0.15 7.27 0.20 6.67 0.15 5.04 - - - -
2 574 3-Hydroxybutanal C4H8O2 - - - - 0.97 32.12 - - - -
3 575 Ethyl acetate C4H8O2 0.86 42.45 1.26 41.53 - - 0.22 9.49 0.44 17.94
4 631 3-Methyl butanal C5H10O - - - - - - - - 0.00 0.09
5 697 2-Pentanol C5H12O 0.05 2.26 0.01 0.39 0.01 0.20 0.01 0.32 0.08 3.27
6 705 (E)-2-Heptene C7H14 0.00 0.12 - - - - - - 0.00 0.14
7 707 Acetoin C4H8O2 0.00 0.16 0.01 0.24 0.00 0.12 - - - -
8 771 3-Methyl-2-buten-1-ol C5H10O - - - - 0.01 0.47 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.19
9 792 2,3-Butanediol C4H10O2 - - - - - - 0.04 1.52 0.02 0.84
10 799 Hexanal C6H12O 0.10 4.91 0.01 0.25 0.04 1.31 0.02 1.07 0.05 2.00
11 854 (E)-2-Hexenal C6H10O 0.06 3.14 0.12 4.03 0.11 3.74 0.03 1.13 0.02 1.01
12 856 (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol C6H12O 0.01 0.73 0.02 0.71 - - - - - -
13 859 Ethyl-benzene C8H10 0.01 0.72 - - - - - - - -
14 900 Heptanal C7H14O 0.02 1.18 0.10 3.33 0.06 1.97 0.12 5.32 0.07 2.93
15 925 α-Thujene C10H16 0.08 3.91 0.04 1.39 1.06 35.02 0.01 0.59 1.23 49.98
16 933 α-Pinene C10H16 2.30 113.68 2.49 81.68 3.70 122.79 3.04 130.35 4.23 171.34
17 949 Camphene C10H16 0.06 2.88 0.07 2.31 0.07 2.20 0.00 0.20 0.05 2.02
18 972 Sabinene C10H16 6.61 326.45 4.06 133.59 0.57 18.92 1.44 61.85 0.44 17.74
19 977 β-Pinene C10H16 2.32 114.62 1.92 63.18 2.22 73.61 3.52 150.99 2.48 100.55
20 987 β-Myrcene C10H16 2.58 127.57 5.65 185.79 7.14 236.85 10.63 456.27 7.23 292.61
21 1004 Octanal C8H16O 1.90 93.92 0.08 2.53 - - 0.01 0.36 1.45 58.70
22 1006 α-Phellandrene C10H16 - - - - 0.19 6.18 - - 1.91 77.27
23 1017 α-Terpinene C10H16 - - - - 0.04 1.33 - - 0.45 18.30
24 1020 ρ-Cymene C10H16 - - - - 0.02 0.73 - - 0.06 2.43
25 1029 Limonene C10H16 42.57 2,102.93 62.18 2,043.67 51.99 1,724.75 50.21 2,155.68 51.38 2,099.09
26 1047 (E)-β-Ocimene C10H16 1.70 84.06 0.42 13.91 1.15 38.12 0.01 0.31 0.46 18.58
I.S 1055 Butyl-benzene C10H16 - - - - - - - - - -
27 1058 γ-Terpinene C10H16 0.75 37.05 0.23 7.41 4.00 132.61 0.15 6.31 0.68 27.63
28 1073 1-Octanol C8H18O 0.30 14.85 0.09 2.94 0.12 4.13 0.01 0.60 0.25 10.03
29 1076 (Z)-Sabinene hydrate C10H18O 0.30 14.60 0.05 1.75 0.04 1.35 0.05 2.01 0.05 2.01
30 1090 α-Terpinolene C10H16 0.25 12.19 0.09 2.84 1.22 40.52 0.09 3.83 1.22 49.48
31 1095 ρ-Cymenene C10H12 - - - - - - 0.08 3.43 - -
32 1101 Linalool C10H18O 5.17 255.24 0.87 28.53 0.74 24.62 2.14 92.01 4.81 194.94
33 1105 Nonanal C9H18O 0.69 34.01 1.21 39.60 0.90 29.95 0.40 17.38 0.32 12.85
34 1115 1,3,8-p-Menthatriene C10H16 0.13 6.66 0.13 4.43 0.08 2.52 0.03 1.43 0.07 2.66
35 1122 β-Thujone C10H16O - - - - - - 0.02 0.92 - -
36 1124 (E)-p-Mentha-2,8-dienol C10H18O 1.12 55.50 0.12 3.78 0.13 4.36 0.29 12.66 0.11 4.37
37 1128 (Z)-p-Menth-2-en-1-ol C10H18O 0.17 8.25 0.38 12.41 0.02 0.61 0.03 1.14 0.03 1.25
38 1136 (Z)-Limonene oxide C10H16O 0.94 46.46 0.40 13.00 0.30 9.79 0.33 14.09 0.26 10.34
39 1140 (E)-Limonene oxide C10H16O 1.69 83.55 0.61 19.99 0.43 14.38 0.74 31.82 0.36 14.64
40 1152 Citronellal C10H18O 0.61 30.29 0.64 20.99 0.41 13.77 1.16 49.67 1.97 79.68
41 1160 (E)-2-Nonenal C9H16O - - - - 0.02 0.61 - - - -
42 1167 Isoborneol C10H18O - - - - 0.02 0.81 - - - -
43 1170 (E)-β-Terpineol C10H18O 0.11 5.61 0.15 4.83 0.16 5.18 0.04 1.86 0.09 3.80
44 1173 1-Nonanol C9H20O 0.21 10.16 - - - - - - - -
45 1175 Borneol C10H18O - - 0.06 1.85 0.05 1.79 - - - -
46 1180 1-p-Menthen-9-al C10H16O 0.40 19.68 - - - - - - - -
47 1183 4-Terpineol C10H18O 2.65 130.67 0.21 6.94 0.28 9.40 0.35 14.82 0.32 12.77
48 1189 p-Cymen-8-ol C10H16O - - - - - - - - 0.06 2.45
49 1191 (E)-Isocarveol C10H16O 0.32 15.90 - - - - - - - -
50 1194 Methyl salicylate C8H8O3 0.18 8.80 - - - - - - - -
51 1196 α-Terpineol C10H18O 1.64 81.09 0.35 11.58 1.00 33.10 0.39 16.88 0.95 38.52
52 1206 Decanal C10H20O 3.73 184.32 3.61 118.59 2.00 66.22 2.39 102.52 4.32 174.89
53 1208 Octyl acetate C10H20O2 - - - - 1.00 33.27 - - - -
54 1219 (E)-Carveol C10H16O 2.26 111.41 0.28 9.07 0.25 8.30 0.39 16.82 0.24 9.54
55 1227 Citronellol C10H20O 0.11 5.43 0.71 23.49 - - 0.65 27.78 0.44 17.83
56 1233 (Z)-Carveol C10H16O 1.05 51.94 0.06 1.83 0.06 2.06 0.10 4.41 0.07 2.94
57 1238 Neral C10H16O 0.05 2.46 0.02 0.60 0.04 1.27 0.02 0.79 0.02 0.66
58 1245 Carvone C10H16O 0.72 35.68 0.06 1.94 0.06 1.89 1.34 57.54 0.04 1.71
59 1249 Geraniol C10H18O 0.11 5.29 0.09 2.90 0.05 1.62 - - - -
60 1252 Butyrophenone C10H12O 0.02 1.21 0.01 0.46 0.01 0.31 0.00 0.15 0.01 0.30
61 1261 (E)-2-Decenal C10H18O 0.09 4.50 0.11 3.72 0.14 4.78 0.06 2.63 0.09 3.44
62 1267 Geranial C10H16O 0.06 3.19 0.05 1.66 0.08 2.51 0.02 0.75 0.02 0.76
63 1271 Decanol C10H22O 0.16 7.86 0.06 1.91 0.06 2.01 - - - -
64 1278 Perillaldehyde C10H16O 0.37 18.31 0.17 5.68 0.21 6.96 0.14 5.97 0.23 9.40
65 1286 Bornyl acetate C12H20O2 - - - - - - - - 0.02 0.64
66 1289 α-Terpinen-7-al C10H16O 0.04 1.90 - - - - - - - -
67 1291 Limonen-10-ol C10H16O 3.01 148.88 0.06 1.99 0.09 3.15 0.04 1.63 0.05 2.09
68 1297 Carvacrol C10H16O - - - - - - - - 0.02 0.95
69 1301 p-Menth-1-en-9-ol C10H18O 0.16 7.90 0.14 4.44 - - - - - -
70 1302 Perilla alcohol C10H16O 0.22 10.85 - - - - - - - -
71 1307 Undecanal C11H22O 0.60 29.62 0.70 23.05 0.65 21.56 0.19 8.12 0.20 8.27
72 1310 4-Vinyl-guaiacol C9H10O2 - - - - - - 0.06 2.53 0.05 2.10
73 1318 (E,E)-2,4-Decadienal C10H16O 0.10 4.91 0.11 3.61 0.08 2.69 0.05 2.07 0.05 1.85
74 1324 Myrtenyl acetate C12H18O2 0.07 3.56 0.03 0.91 - - - - - -
75 1332 (E)-Carvyl acetate C12H18O2 0.15 7.53 - - - - 0.19 8.03 - -
76 1334 Bicycloelemene C15H24 - - - - - - - - 0.06 2.26
77 1337 δ-Elemene C15H24 - - 0.09 2.79 0.85 28.29 0.03 1.40 0.06 2.59
78 1347 Citronellyl acetate C12H22O2 0.09 4.31 0.78 25.49 0.26 8.66 1.11 47.48 0.08 3.36
79 1349 α-Cubebene C15H24 - - - - - - - - 0.01 0.47
80 1356 Neryl acetate C12H20O2 0.12 5.74 0.32 10.62 0.43 14.38 0.47 20.06 0.00 0.17
81 1359 (Z)-Carvyl acetate C12H18O2 0.25 12.41 - - - - 0.29 12.26 - -
82 1361 Decanoic acid C10H20O2 0.07 3.60 0.15 4.82 0.05 1.81 - - 0.09 3.51
83 1364 (E)-2-Undecenal C11H20O - - - - 0.04 1.23 - - - -
84 1376 Geranyl acetate C12H20O2 0.20 9.71 0.05 1.48 0.73 24.13 0.09 4.02 0.03 1.09
85 1378 α-Copaene C15H24 0.07 3.64 0.09 2.81 0.02 0.60 0.26 11.24 0.05 2.11
86 1391 β-Elemene C15H24 0.45 22.17 0.18 5.77 0.45 15.00 0.38 16.47 0.13 5.19
87 1402 α-Funebrene C15H24 0.03 1.42 - - 0.04 1.23 0.11 4.57 - -
88 1407 Decyl acetate C12H24O2 0.06 3.20 0.04 1.24 0.64 21.13 0.08 3.43 - -
89 1409 Dodecanal C12H24O 1.88 93.02 0.94 30.97 0.59 19.69 0.53 22.89 1.03 41.74
90 1419 ρ-Menth-1-en-9-ol acetate C12H20O2 0.09 4.27 0.02 0.62 0.02 0.82 0.03 1.14 0.00 0.14
91 1422 β-Ylangene C15H24 - - - - 0.05 1.58 - - - -
92 1425 (E)-β-Caryophyllene C15H24 0.06 3.10 0.05 1.79 0.42 14.09 0.17 7.10 0.05 2.02
93 1431 γ-Elemene C15H24 - - 0.05 1.59 0.19 6.20 0.01 0.30 0.02 0.81
94 1434 Perillyl acetate C12H18O2 0.04 1.99 - - 0.13 4.36 0.02 0.84 0.01 0.46
95 1438 α-Guaiene C15H24 - - - - 0.04 1.38 - - 0.01 0.48
96 1444 Guaia-6,9-diene C15H24 - - - - 0.02 0.66 - - - -
97 1447 (E,Z)-2,6-Dodecadienal C12H20O 0.04 1.97 0.05 1.79 0.05 1.64 0.03 1.48 0.02 0.61
98 1452 (E)-β-Farnesene C15H24 0.38 18.83 0.07 2.33 0.63 20.92 3.09 132.84 0.04 1.67
99 1454 Sesquisabinene C15H24 0.10 4.75 0.03 0.86 0.09 2.89 - - - -
100 1460 α-Humulene C15H24 0.09 4.47 0.06 2.00 0.12 4.12 0.06 2.59 0.04 1.77
101 1467 (E)-2-Dodecenal C12H22O 0.03 1.57 0.03 0.89 0.06 1.83 0.02 0.97 0.02 0.65
102 1480 γ-Gurjunene C15H24 - - 0.02 0.66 - - 0.07 2.80 0.01 0.48
103 1488 Germacrene D C15H24 0.02 0.86 0.16 5.32 3.17 105.18 0.15 6.33 0.15 6.21
104 1489 β-Chamigrene C15H24 - - 0.12 3.90 - - - - - -
105 1489 Selina-4,11-diene C15H24 - - - - - - 0.18 7.92 - -
106 1490 β-Selinene C15H24 - - - - 0.03 0.97 - - 0.05 2.20
107 1496 Valencene C15H24 0.11 5.61 1.45 47.72 0.19 6.46 2.81 120.61 0.79 32.01
108 1500 Bicyclogermacrene C15H24 - - - - 0.14 4.81 0.64 27.32 0.66 26.84
109 1501 α-Selinene C15H24 - - 0.12 3.82 - - - - - -
110 1503 (E,E)-α-Farnesene C15H24 0.24 12.02 2.40 78.84 0.73 24.30 1.70 73.07 0.92 37.22
111 1508 α-Bulnesene C15H24 - - 0.03 0.95 - - 0.12 5.07 0.02 0.65
112 1510 Tridecanal C13H26O 0.03 1.43 0.02 0.62 0.02 0.76 - - 0.00 0.19
113 1516 γ-Cadinene C15H24 - - - - 0.02 0.54 - - 0.01 0.53
114 1520 δ-Cadinene C15H24 0.07 3.55 0.13 4.12 0.06 2.10 0.36 15.52 0.16 6.60
115 1524 7-Epi-α-selinene C15H24 - - - - - - - - 0.05 2.00
116 1525 β-Sesquiphellandrene C15H24 0.04 2.12 0.09 2.95 0.12 4.03 0.45 19.26 - -
117 1551 α-Elemol C15H26O 0.01 0.43 0.05 1.65 0.02 0.51 0.07 2.85 0.03 1.25
118 1556 Dodecanoic acid C12H24O2 0.05 2.31 0.03 0.89 0.04 1.23 0.05 2.16 0.04 1.48
119 1560 (E)-Nerolidol C15H26O 0.03 1.67 0.07 2.33 - - 0.11 4.90 0.04 1.42
120 1565 Germacrene B C15H24 - - 0.02 0.55 0.27 8.94 - - 0.02 0.74
121 1582 Spathulenol C15H24O 0.05 2.54 0.07 2.43 0.13 4.45 0.40 17.17 0.62 25.14
122 1588 Caryophyllene oxide C15H24O 0.04 2.17 - - - - 0.17 7.29 0.02 0.73
123 1590 Ethyl-dodecanoate C14H28O2 0.03 1.67 - - - - - - - -
124 1600 Viridiflorol C15H26O - - - - 0.04 1.36 - - 0.01 0.58
125 1605 Dodecyl acetate C14H28O2 0.01 0.61 0.00 0.13 0.06 1.96 0.01 0.46 0.01 0.41
126 1612 Tetradecanal C14H28O 0.04 2.16 0.05 1.54 0.07 2.18 0.05 2.27 0.04 1.61
127 1617 Humulene epoxide II C15H24O 0.02 1.17 0.03 1.01 - - 0.04 1.51 0.01 0.21
128 1633 γ-Eudesmol C15H26O - - 0.05 1.70 0.57 18.85 0.03 1.12 0.04 1.57
129 1649 T-Muurolol C15H26O 0.01 0.44 0.01 0.30 - - 0.06 2.36 0.03 1.27
130 1660 T-Cadinol C15H26O - - 0.03 0.87 0.10 3.45 0.09 3.99 0.09 3.80
131 1665 Neo-intermedeol C15H26O 0.02 0.92 - - - - 0.04 1.78 - -
132 1672 Intermedeol C15H26O - - - - - - 0.22 9.52 0.04 1.65
133 1676 Tetradecanol C14H30O - - - - - - 0.08 3.62 - -
134 1694 β-Sinensal C15H22O 0.35 17.51 - - 0.75 24.94 1.10 47.23 - -
135 1710 (E,Z)-2,6-Farnesal C15H24O 0.01 0.33 0.01 0.31 - - 0.03 1.20 0.01 0.40
136 1713 Pentadecanal C15H30O - - - - 0.01 0.22 - - 0.01 0.60
137 1715 (E,E)-2,6-Farnesol C15H26O - - - - - - 0.53 22.93 - -
138 1727 (Z,E)-α-Bergamotol C15H24O - - - - 0.02 0.55 - - 0.04 1.51
139 1737 (E,E)-Farnesal C15H24O 0.03 1.50 0.02 0.51 0.02 0.66 0.06 2.49 0.09 3.55
140 1739 Oplopanone C15H26O2 - - - - 0.02 0.56 - - 0.01 0.35
141 1751 α-Sinensal C15H22O 0.25 12.27 0.06 2.01 1.52 50.28 1.34 57.49 3.13 126.93
142 1755 Tetradecanoic acid C14H28O2 0.05 2.37 0.01 0.24 0.04 1.23 0.02 1.00 - -
143 1810 Nootkatone C15H22O 0.05 2.33 0.67 21.91 0.12 4.09 0.33 14.07 0.35 14.19
144 1815 Hexadecanal C16H32O 0.05 2.51 0.07 2.41 0.06 1.84 0.11 4.52 0.04 1.73
145 1961 Palmitic acid C16H32O2 0.74 36.59 0.43 14.20 0.97 32.15 0.29 12.27 - -
146 2091 Methyl linoleate C19H34O2 0.02 0.88 - - - - - - 0.01 0.34
147 2129 Linoleic acid C18H32O2 0.50 24.73 0.14 4.66 0.29 9.64 0.08 3.47 0.30 12.08
148 2134 Oleic acid C18H34O2 0.94 46.64 0.18 6.06 0.28 9.14 0.10 4.40 0.34 13.97
149 2160 Ethyl linoleate C20H36O2 - - - - - - 0.01 0.60 - -
150 2169 Ethyl linolenate C20H34O2 - - - - - - 0.01 0.46 - -
Total 100 4,939.77 100 3,286.38 100 3,317.56 100 4,293.39 100 4,049.94
Retention index.
Molecular formula.