Table 1.
Plants and their parts that were used in this study

Sample Part used
Scientific name Common name
Caesalpinia sappanL. Sappan wood Heart wood
Rumex crispus L. Rumex crispus Whole
Aphis chinensis Gall nut Whole
Coptis chinensis Coptis Root
Phellodendron amurense Amur cork Bark
Rubia akane Nakai Madder Root
Areca catechu Betel palm Fruit
Lithospermum carolinense Hairy Puccoon Root
Curcuma longa Radix Curcumin Root
Gardenia jasminoides var. grandiflora Gardenia Fruit