Table 2.
Changes in organic acid content of mash based on varying amount of water added

Compounds Organic acid concentration (mg/100 mL)
120% 150% 180% 200% 250% 300%
Oxalic n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.
Citric n.d.b 11.52±0.79a 11.54±0.52a 10.97±1.66a 10.00±2.48a 11.48±0.56a
Tartaric n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.
Malic 35.87±0.37a 40.80±4.02a 37.72±1.95a 34.05±8.88a 29.81±4.21a 37.64±15.39a
Succinic 91.71±6.70a 87.95±1.37a 88.34±5.00a 82.80±2.46a 80.53±3.91a 77.68±4.47a
Fumaric n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.
Lactic 61.25±13.44a 75.70±1.44a 80.24±0.01a 72.10±5.79a 69.99±1.63a 71.06±8.39a
Formic n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.
Acetic 19.02±15.50a 6.41±3.36a 4.22±2.09a 4.64±0.85a 4.01±1.16a 6.52±0.08a
Pyroglutamic n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.
Total 207.85±5.01a 222.38±8.10a 222.06±0.43a 204.56±19.65a 194.34±1.71a 204.37±27.75a
n.d. means not detected.
Values represent means±standard deviations.
Within-the-column values indicated by lowercase letters (a,b) are significantly different (p<0.05).