Table 2. Instrumental colour values of muffins

Muffins¹⁾	Crust			Crumb
Muffins¹⁾	L^*	a^*	b^*	L^*	a^*	b^*
0-TDF	62.85±5.93^a	10.71±3.35^a	39.10±2.63^a	77.17±0.82^a	−3.58±0.58^d	41.20±1.11^a
5-TDF	58.75±4.80^a	11.95±2.06^a	37.36±1.44^a	70.75±0.70^b	−1.80±0.38^c	34.87±0.62^b
10-TDF	55.50±1.53^ab	11.86±1.95^a	36.97±1.70^ab	66.13±1.78^c	−0.63±0.25^b	32.74±0.73^c
20-TDF	50.13±1.90^c	13.30±0.23^a	33.56±0.63^b	64.08±4.12^c	0.82±0.09^a	29.53±1.20^d

TDF denotes tigernut dietary fiber, and prefixes represent the % substitution level in rice powder. Mean±SD (n=3) within each column followed by different superscript letters (^a-d) are significantly different (p<0.05).