Table 2. Volatile flavor compounds identified in Artemisia annua L. by simultaneous steam distillation extraction (SDE) and solid phase microextraction (SPME)

No R.I1) Name M.F2) M.W3) SDE SPME
(mg/kg) (Area %) (mg/kg) (Area %)
1 706 3-Methylbutanal C5H10O 87 0.68 0.05 - -
2 719 1-Pentene-3-ol C5H10O 86 0.59 0.05 - -
3 727 Pentanal C5H10O 86 0.62 0.05 - -
4 729 2-Ethylfuran C6H8O 96 1.07 0.09 - -
5 751 3-Methyl-1-butanol C5H12O 88 0.42 0.03 - -
6 754 2-Methyl-1-butanol C5H12O 88 0.40 0.03 - -
7 767 (E)-2-Pentenal C5H8O 84 0.25 0.02 - -
8 775 1-Pentanol C5H12O 88 1.00 0.08 - -
9 779 2-Penten-1-ol C5H10O 86 0.35 0.03 - -
10 790 3-Hexanone C6H12O 100 0.21 0.02 - -
11 794 2-Hexanone C6H12O 100 0.71 0.06 - -
12 798 3-Hexanol C6H14O 102 0.41 0.03 - -
13 802 Hexanal C6H12O 100 6.52 0.52 1.40 0.29
14 836 Furfural C5H4O2 96 0.74 0.06 - -
15 855 (E)-2-Hexenal C6H10O 98 3.64 0.29 - -
16 857 (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol C6H12O 100 5.57 0.44 - -
17 871 1-Hexanol C6H14O 102 1.23 0.10 - -
18 880 Heptanal C7H14O 114 0.46 0.04 - -
19 894 2-Heptanone C7H14O 114 0.74 0.06 - -
20 912 2,4-Hexadienal C6H8O 96 0.26 0.02 - -
21 928 α-Thujene C10H16 136 1.17 0.09 0.45 0.09
22 938 α-Pinene C10H16 136 9.44 0.75 3.06 0.63
23 950 Camphene C10H16 136 6.55 0.52 2.82 0.58
24 956 2,4-Thujadiene C10H14 134 1.16 0.09 0.40 0.08
25 960 (E)-2-Heptenal C7H12O 112 1.01 0.08 - -
26 965 Benzaldehyde C7H6O 106 5.79 0.46 1.73 0.35
27 975 Sabinene C10H16 136 1.12 0.09 - -
28 979 β-Pinene C10H16 136 1.41 0.11 - -
29 1001 Yomogi alcohol C10H18 154 8.04 0.64 - -
30 1015 (E,E)-2,4-Heptadienal C7H10O 110 1.05 0.08 0.94 0.19
31 1019 α-Terpinene C10H16 136 3.92 0.31 - -
32 1027 p-Cymene C10H14 134 4.66 0.37 1.55 0.32
33 1031 Limonene C10H16 136 2.22 0.18 0.75 0.15
34 1035 1,8-Cineole C10H18O 154 31.91 2.54 14.20 2.91
35 1040 Benzyl alcohol C7H8O 108 2.12 0.17 - -
I.S4) 1059 Buthyl benzene C10H14 134 - - - -
36 1062 γ-Terpinene C10H16 136 8.08 0.64 - -
37 1071 (Z)-Sabinene hydrate C10H18O 154 9.23 0.74 - -
38 1074 1-Octanol C8H18O 130 0.83 0.07 - -
39 1087 Artemisia alcohol C10H18O 154 3.73 0.30 - -
40 1092 α-Terpinolene C10H16 154 4.50 0.36 - -
41 1103 (E)-Sabinene hydrate C10H18O 154 14.07 1.12 0.74 0.15
42 1107 Nonanal C9H18O 142 2.23 0.18 0.54 0.11
43 1111 6-Methyl-3,5-hdptadien-2-one C8H12O 124 1.49 0.12 - -
44 1120 Phenethyl alcohol C8H10O 122 9.25 0.74 - -
45 1132 α-Campholenal C10H16O 152 2.65 0.21 - -
46 1147 (E)-Pinocarveol C10H16O 152 65.55 5.23 7.53 1.54
47 1153 Camphor C10H16O 152 132.61 10.58 68.93 14.10
48 1156 Camphene hydrate C10H18O 154 2.91 0.23 - -
49 1169 (Z)-Chrysanthenol C10H16O 152 4.66 0.37 - -
50 1170 Pinocarvone C10H14O 150 41.10 3.28 7.27 1.49
51 1173 Borneol C10H18O 154 51.57 4.11 6.46 1.32
52 1179 Menthol C10H20O 156 10.91 0.87 1.33 0.27
53 1185 4-Terpineol C10H18O 154 29.40 2.34 2.33 0.48
54 1192 p-Cymen-8-ol C10H14O 150 13.94 1.11 - -
55 1197 α-Terpineol C10H18O 154 6.70 0.53 - -
56 1206 Myrtenol C10H16O 152 25.27 2.02 - -
57 1219 Vervenone C10H14O 150 13.18 1.05 1.57 0.32
58 1226 (E)-Carveol C10H16O 152 15.01 1.20 0.88 0.18
59 1238 (Z)-Carveol C10H16O 152 3.14 0.25 - -
60 1253 Carvone C10H14O 150 3.30 0.26 0.69 0.14
61 1294 (E)-Anethole C10H12O 148 - - 7.50 1.53
62 1304 1H-Indole C8H7N 117 7.74 0.62 - -
63 1323 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol C9H10O2 150 20.06 1.60 - -
64 1357 α-Cubebene C15H24 204 - - 1.69 0.34
65 1366 Eugenol C10H12O2 164 3.30 0.26 - -
66 1385 α-Copaene C15H24 204 30.60 2.44 10.52 2.15
67 1392 Modhephene C15H24 204 7.34 0.59 1.32 0.27
68 1409 (Z)-Jasmone C11H16O 164 7.41 0.59 0.99 0.20
69 1433 β-Caryophyllene C15H24 204 97.04 7.74 33.20 6.79
70 1441 β-Copaene C15H24 204 7.40 0.59 1.29 0.26
71 1455 Coumarin C9H6O2 146 26.88 2.14 15.63 3.20
72 1458 Neryl acetone C13H22O 194 4.79 0.38 - -
73 1461 (E)-β-Famesene C15H24 204 15.85 1.26 4.74 0.97
74 1467 α-Humulene C15H24 204 16.31 1.30 3.58 0.73
75 1488 γ-Muurolene C15H24 204 47.18 3.76 18.72 3.83
76 1494 Germacrene D C15H24 204 26.66 2.13 2.46 0.50
77 1500 β-Selinene C15H24 204 52.23 4.16 48.90 10.01
78 1514 γ-Cadinene C15H24 204 14.71 1.17 5.61 1.15
79 1518 δ-Cadinene C15H24 204 30.77 2.45 9.30 1.90
80 1537 (Z)-Nerolidol C15H26 222 20.80 1.66 - -
81 1553 Caryophyllene oxide C15H24 220 234.16 18.67 195.44 39.99
Total 1,254.00 100 488.74 100
1)RI, retention index.
2)MF, molecular formula.
3)MW, molecular weight.
4)I.S, internal standard.