Table 4
Antioxidant activities of Makgeolli according to different fermentation temperature and periods

Antioxidant test	Treated conc. (μg/mL)	Antioxidant activities (%)
		20℃			25℃			30℃			Positive controls
		3 days	5 days	7 days	3 days	5 days	7 days	3 days	5 days	7 days	BHA	α-Tocopherol
DPPH	1,000	46.39±1.47^f1)	48.74±0.57^ef	48.39±0.54^ef	51.26±0.77^de	48.15±0.73^ef	47.92±0.47^ef	47.92±2.42^ef	36.48±1.85^gh	38.36±2.75^g	91.57±0.09^a	91.31±0.09^a
	500	28.97±0.51^jk	33.37±0.37^hi	30.79±1.30^ij	35.31±0.20^gh	29.15±1.42^jk	33.43±1.63^hi	30.38±0.90^ij	21.99±0.41^m	27.68±1.15^jkl	91.26±0.18^a	91.52±0.16^a
	250	18.24±1.41^no	20.18±0.37^mn	18.06±0.71^no	22.17±0.54^m	18.71±3.20^mno	19.65±1.73^mn	18.12±1.50^no	12.38±0.30^qrs	25.92±0.77^kl	89.79±0.16^a	91.20±0.16^a
	125	18.71±1.22^mno	15.31±2.80^opq	14.02±1.85^pqr	18.36±5.70^no	15.13±1.86^opq	18.65±2.86^mno	17.18±0.71^nop	17.24±1.80^nop	19.94±3.51^mn	77.54±0.82^b	56.34±0.72^c
	62.5	10.26±2.60^stu	9.91±1.23^stu	8.62±0.27^tuv	10.85±2.24^rst	9.62±2.10^stuv	9.21±1.06^stuv	7.33±1.63^tuv	6.10±0.57^vw	13.90±4.17^pqr	53.93±0.87^cd	25.45±1.32l
	31.25	10.03±1.03^stu	7.92±1.67^tuv	6.63±1.48^uvw	9.79±4.22^stuv	9.15±2.90^stuv	8.45±1.86^tuv	9.27±.5.41^stuv	6.51±3.37^uvw	3.28±1.47^w	30.26±1.29^ij	12.83±1.25^qrs
ABTS	1,000	86.46±0.35^bc	87.44±0.35^b	87.77±0.51^ab	87.61±0.25^ab	87.68±0.59^ab	87.67±0.49^ab	87.79±0.61^ab	86.63±0.74^bc	86.30±0.40^bc	89.44±0.39^a	84.84±0.15^cd
	500	74.08±0.78^g	79.79±0.64^f	80.03±0.44^f	83.41±0.81^de	79.17±0.35^f	82.24±0.90^e	81.84±0.86^e	79.07±0.87^f	79.23±0.48^f	88.07±0.39^ab	81.77±0.39^e
	250	56.67±0.67ⁿ	63.74±0.70^m	65.85±0.81^kl	69.51±0.51ⁱ	64.42±0.86^lm	68.76±0.77^ij	67.85±1.06^ij	68.31±0.95^ij	66.92±0.16^jk	87.22±0.26^b	79.56±0.26^f
	125	37.80±0.36^u	45.02±0.53^t	48.73±1.33^rs	49.91±0.93^qr	47.47±1.41^s	51.78±0.59^op	53.22±5.22^o	50.35±1.48^pqr	51.36±0.67^pq	82.11±0.26^e	75.47±1.11^g
	62.5	21.98±0.50^B	27.61±1.52^A	30.28±0.87^yz	31.22±1.15^xyz	29.75±0.85^z	33.76±1.81^v	31.81±1.05^wxy	32.65±0.34^vwx	33.36±0.56^vw	79.47±0.15^f	72.40±1.35^h
	31.25	11.87±0.42^F	16.20±0.88^E	16.78±0.61^E	17.19±0.43^DE	17.26±0.46^DE	19.05±0.41^CD	17.90±0.96^DE	18.72±0.55^CD	20.41±0.32^BC	71.29±1.70^h	67.29±1.93^jk
Antioxidant test	Treated conc. (μg/mL)	20℃			25℃			30℃			Positive control
Antioxidant test	Treated conc. (μg/mL)	3 days	5 days	7 days	3 days	5 days	7 days	3 days	5 days	7 days	Trolox
FRAP	1000	34.35±0.46^h	38.29±0.98^g	41.51±0.59^ef	43.64±0.23^d	42.33±0.92^de	40.62±0.41^f	37.55±0.46^g	31.60±1.13ⁱ	28.81±0.93^j	92.27±0.25^a
	500	18.48±1.19^m	23.06±1.31^l	24.35±0.32^l	28.01±0.39^j	23.00±0.79^l	26.13±0.00^k	23.36±0.25^l	18.81±0.28^m	16.15±1.11ⁿ	92.26±0.07^a
	250	11.73±0.66^qr	13.77±0.72^op	14.31±0.46^o	16.66±0.67ⁿ	12.30±0.32^pqr	15.72±0.30ⁿ	13.04±0.32^opq	12.30±0.32^pqr	11.10±2.80^r	92.66±0.07^a
	125	6.39±0.56^uv	7.86±0.78^t	8.68±0.47^st	9.66±1.97^s	6.17±0.74^uvw	8.36±1.69^st	7.24±0.65^tu	7.86±0.18^t	5.30±1.15^vwxy	92.17±0.05^a
	62.51	1.79±1.24^DEF	3.76±0.34^zAB	4.65±0.84^xyzA	5.74±0.65^vwx	4.08±1.21^yzAB	4.76±0.33^wxyz	3.07±0.34^ABCD	3.64±0.20^zABC	0.84±1.03^ef	90.19±0.20^b
	31.25	1.43±1.09^EF	3.28±1.57^zABCD	2.96±0.53^BCD	3.41±0.91^zABC	2.15±0.53^CDE	3.18±0.72^zABCD	2.96±0.53^BCD	3.64±0.39^zABC	0.49±0.21^f	81.13±0.10^c

Values represent the mean±SD (n=3). Means with different superscript with the column are significantly different (p<0.05) by Duncan’s multiple range test.